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International Journal of Security and Its Applications

Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Extended Three-particle GHZ State Decoy

Tao Fang

Published Oct 31, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve eavesdropping detection probability and prevent correlation-elicitation (CE) attack.Each particle of extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers, which reaches 63% eavesdropping detection probability.And decoy particles prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before the sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without the controller's permission.In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information that a qubit contains is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively.If the eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate of using only two particles of extended threeparticle GHZ state as decoy is 58%;while the presented protocol using three particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy reaches per qubit 63%.

DOI
10.14257/ijsia.2015.9.10.08

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Extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve eavesdropping detection probability and prevent correlation-elicitation (CE) attack.Each particle of extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers, which reaches 63% eavesdropping detection probability.And decoy particles prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before the sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without the controller's permission.In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information that a qubit contains is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively.If the eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate of using only two particles of extended threeparticle GHZ state as decoy is 58%;while the presented protocol using three particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy reaches per qubit 63%.
Extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve eavesdropping detection probability and prevent correlation-elicitation (CE) attack. Each particle of extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers, which reaches 63% eavesdropping detection probability. And decoy particles prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before the sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without the controller's permission. In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information that a qubit contains is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively. If the eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate of using only two particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy is 58%, while the presented protocol using three particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy reaches per qubit 63%.
Three-particle W state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve the eavesdropping detection probability and prevent the double-CNOT attack. Each particle of three-particle W state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers. The decoy particles inserted randomly can prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without controller's permission. In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information in a qubit is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively. If eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate can reach 64% by using three-particle W state as decoy, but 58% by using extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy.
To enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection in the quantum secure direct communication protocol, an improved quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a four-particle Green-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is presented. In the protocol, the four-particle GHZ state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. In the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information that the eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference that has been introduced. If the eavesdropper wants to obtain all the information, the detection rate of the quantum secure direct communication using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair block will be 50% and the detection rate of the presented protocol will be 87%. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol proposed is more secure than the others
To transmit secure message, a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol is proposed based on five-particle cluster state and EPR pair entanglement swapping. The sender and the controller own their EPR pair sequences respectively. The sender sends one photon of the EPR pair he owns to controller. The controller performs local unitary operation randomly on one photon of the EPR pair he owns and sends it to the receiver as his permission. The sender encodes his secret message on the other photon of the EPR pair he owns and sends it to the receiver. Because of EPR pair entanglement swapping, the two photons in the receiver's hand entangled. Under the permission of the controller, the controller and the receiver measure their new EPR pairs in the Bell basis in turn. By comparing the measurement result of the receiver and the original state, the receiver can get the secret message. To ensure the security of the message transmitting, five photons of five-particle cluster state are all mixed in sending sequence to detect eavesdropping which can bring per qubit 88% eavesdropping detection probability. Compared with taking three photons of five-particle cluster state as detection photons, five photons in this paper will decrease the number of five-particle cluster state for detection greatly. The security of the present protocol is discussed: the detection probability of this protocol is more than 88%, and intercept-measure-resend attacks and correlation-elicitation (CE) attack can be defended effectively.
A controlled deterministic secure quantum communication（CDSQC） protocol is proposed based on threeparticle GHZ state in X-basis.Only X-basis and Z1Z2X3-basis（composed of Z-basis and X-basis） measurement are required,which makes the scheme more convenient than others in practical applications.By distributing a random key between both sides of the communication and performing classical XOR operation,we realize a one-time-pad scheme,therefore our protocol achieves unconditional secure.Because only user with legitimate identity string can decrypt the secret,our protocol can resist man-in-the middle attack.The three-particle GHZ state in X-basis is used as decoy photons to detect eavesdropping.The detection rate reaches 75% per qubit.
Abstract A controlled deterministic secure quantum communication (CDSQC) protocol is proposed based on three-particle GHZ state in X-basis. Only X-basis and Z 1 Z 2 X 3 -basis (composed of Z-basis and X-basis) measurement are required, which makes the scheme more convenient than others in practical applications. By distributing a random key between both sides of the communication and performing classical XOR operation, we realize a one-time-pad scheme, therefore our protocol achieves unconditional secure. Because only user with legitimate identity string can decrypt the secret, our protocol can resist man-in-the middle attack. The three-particle GHZ state in X-basis is used as decoy photons to detect eavesdropping. The detection rate reaches 75% per qubit.