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Dianzi Ke-ji Daxue xuebao

Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Three-Particle W State Decoy

Chang Ya

Published Jan 1, 2015• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Three-particle W state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve the eavesdropping detection probability and prevent the double-CNOT attack. Each particle of three-particle W state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers. The decoy particles inserted randomly can prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without controller's permission. In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information in a qubit is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively. If eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate can reach 64% by using three-particle W state as decoy, but 58% by using extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy.

Related papers

Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Extended Three-particle GHZ State Decoy

Tao Fang

Extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve eavesdropping detection probability and prevent correlation-elicitation (CE) attack.Each particle of extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers, which reaches 63% eavesdropping detection probability.And decoy particles prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before the sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without the controller's permission.In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information that a qubit contains is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively.If the eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate of using only two particles of extended threeparticle GHZ state as decoy is 58%;while the presented protocol using three particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy reaches per qubit 63%.

International Journal of Security and Its Applications•Oct 31, 2015•2 citations

Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Extended Three-Particle GHZ State Decoy

Tao Fang, Min Li

Extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve eavesdropping detection probability and prevent correlation-elicitation (CE) attack. Each particle of extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers, which reaches 63% eavesdropping detection probability. And decoy particles prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before the sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without the controller's permission. In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information that a qubit contains is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively. If the eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate of using only two particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy is 58%, while the presented protocol using three particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy reaches per qubit 63%.

International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems•Sep 1, 2014•3 citations

Quantum secure direct communication based on quantum dense coding using a class of W-states

Jiang En-chun

According to the characteristics of a class of three-particle W-states and the quantum dense coding,a new quantum secure direct communication scheme is presented.All particles,which are transmitted,are used to encode secret information except for the particles for testing security,which can greatly improve the communication efficiency.In order to ensure the security of the scheme,the channel is tested two times using the entanglement correlation between particles of W-states in particle distribution phase.It can improve the detection rate for eavesdropper and the reduce information leakage by inserting decoy photons into particles and rearranging the order of particles in information transfer phase.Security analysis shows that the scheme can ensure information transfer security and improve communication efficiency.

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Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Based on Five-Particle Cluster State and EPR Pair Entanglement Swapping

Tao Fang

To transmit secure message, a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol is proposed based on five-particle cluster state and EPR pair entanglement swapping. The sender and the controller own their EPR pair sequences respectively. The sender sends one photon of the EPR pair he owns to controller. The controller performs local unitary operation randomly on one photon of the EPR pair he owns and sends it to the receiver as his permission. The sender encodes his secret message on the other photon of the EPR pair he owns and sends it to the receiver. Because of EPR pair entanglement swapping, the two photons in the receiver's hand entangled. Under the permission of the controller, the controller and the receiver measure their new EPR pairs in the Bell basis in turn. By comparing the measurement result of the receiver and the original state, the receiver can get the secret message. To ensure the security of the message transmitting, five photons of five-particle cluster state are all mixed in sending sequence to detect eavesdropping which can bring per qubit 88% eavesdropping detection probability. Compared with taking three photons of five-particle cluster state as detection photons, five photons in this paper will decrease the number of five-particle cluster state for detection greatly. The security of the present protocol is discussed: the detection probability of this protocol is more than 88%, and intercept-measure-resend attacks and correlation-elicitation (CE) attack can be defended effectively.

International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems•Sep 1, 2014•0 citations

Cluster state based controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol with controllable channel capacity

Xiao-yi Zheng, Long Yin-Xiang

Controllable quantum secure direct communication is an important branch of quantum communication. In this paper, we propose a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol with channel capacity controllable based on a five-particle cluster state. To start with, the sender Alice prepares the five-particle cluster state sequence and inserts decoy photon randomly, and then sends two parts of the particle sequence to the receiver Bob and the controller Cindy, and meanwhile keeps one part of the particle sequence himself. After Bob and Cindy receive the particle sequence, Alice performs a Z-based single-particle measurement and publishes the measurement results and the position information of the decoy photon through the classical channel. According to the information published by Alice, Bob and Cindy remove the decoy photon and perform a Bell-state measurement to their own part particle sequence. Three sides of communication complete the first safety examination of the channel by checking the bit error rate of the measurement results. After that, the controller Cindy determines the channel capacity by selecting the measurement base (Z basis or X basis) to measure its own particle sequence, and then announces the measured results with classical channel. The sender Alice inserts decoy photon and codes the information by doing a unitary transformation to its own particle sequence and then sends the receiver Bob and tells him the position information of the decoy photon with classical channel. Combining the information published by Cindy with the information transmitted by Alice, Bob can complete the second safety examination of the channel and decode the information Alice has sent by removing decoy photon and performing a Bell-state measurement of his own two groups of particle with appropriate rules. Through an analysis of the entangled structural properties of the five-particle cluster state, it has been confirmed that this protocol is designed to make full use of the entanglement properties of the five-particle cluster in different entangled structures. Therefore the protocol can obviously be generalized into the two-way controlled quantum secure direct communication by simply changing the rules of the measurement and the particles used for unitary coding. Through analyzing the security of this protocol, it reveals that this protocol can effectively both prevent eavesdroppers from eavesdropping useful information and monitor this kind of act, and therefore the controlled quantum secure direct communication can theoretically be established in a certain noise environment.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2017•6 citations

Quantum Secure Direct Communication Based on Dense Coding and Detecting Eavesdropping with Four-Particle Genuine Entangled State

Jian Li, Zeshi Pan, Fengqi Sun +3 more

A novel quantum secure direct communication protocol based on four-particle genuine entangled state and quantum dense coding is proposed. In this protocol, the four-particle genuine entangled state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. Finally, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. During the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by comparing the relationship between the maximal information that the eavesdroppers (Eve) can obtain, and the probability of being detected. Through the analysis we can state that our scheme is feasible and secure.

Entropy•Sep 30, 2015•11 citations
Three-particle W state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve the eavesdropping detection probability and prevent the double-CNOT attack. Each particle of three-particle W state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers. The decoy particles inserted randomly can prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without controller's permission. In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information in a qubit is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively. If eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate can reach 64% by using three-particle W state as decoy, but 58% by using extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy.
Extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve eavesdropping detection probability and prevent correlation-elicitation (CE) attack.Each particle of extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers, which reaches 63% eavesdropping detection probability.And decoy particles prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before the sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without the controller's permission.In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information that a qubit contains is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively.If the eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate of using only two particles of extended threeparticle GHZ state as decoy is 58%;while the presented protocol using three particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy reaches per qubit 63%.
Extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is introduced in controlled quantum secure direct communication to improve eavesdropping detection probability and prevent correlation-elicitation (CE) attack. Each particle of extended three-particle GHZ state decoy is inserted into sending particles to detect eavesdroppers, which reaches 63% eavesdropping detection probability. And decoy particles prevent the receiver from obtaining the correct correlation between particle 1 and particle 2 before the sender coding on them, so that he can not get any secret information without the controller's permission. In the security analysis, the maximum amount of information that a qubit contains is obtained by introducing the entropy theory method, and two decoy strategies are compared quantitatively. If the eavesdroppers intend to eavesdrop on secret information, the per qubit detection rate of using only two particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy is 58%, while the presented protocol using three particles of extended three-particle GHZ state as decoy reaches per qubit 63%.
According to the characteristics of a class of three-particle W-states and the quantum dense coding,a new quantum secure direct communication scheme is presented.All particles,which are transmitted,are used to encode secret information except for the particles for testing security,which can greatly improve the communication efficiency.In order to ensure the security of the scheme,the channel is tested two times using the entanglement correlation between particles of W-states in particle distribution phase.It can improve the detection rate for eavesdropper and the reduce information leakage by inserting decoy photons into particles and rearranging the order of particles in information transfer phase.Security analysis shows that the scheme can ensure information transfer security and improve communication efficiency.
To transmit secure message, a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol is proposed based on five-particle cluster state and EPR pair entanglement swapping. The sender and the controller own their EPR pair sequences respectively. The sender sends one photon of the EPR pair he owns to controller. The controller performs local unitary operation randomly on one photon of the EPR pair he owns and sends it to the receiver as his permission. The sender encodes his secret message on the other photon of the EPR pair he owns and sends it to the receiver. Because of EPR pair entanglement swapping, the two photons in the receiver's hand entangled. Under the permission of the controller, the controller and the receiver measure their new EPR pairs in the Bell basis in turn. By comparing the measurement result of the receiver and the original state, the receiver can get the secret message. To ensure the security of the message transmitting, five photons of five-particle cluster state are all mixed in sending sequence to detect eavesdropping which can bring per qubit 88% eavesdropping detection probability. Compared with taking three photons of five-particle cluster state as detection photons, five photons in this paper will decrease the number of five-particle cluster state for detection greatly. The security of the present protocol is discussed: the detection probability of this protocol is more than 88%, and intercept-measure-resend attacks and correlation-elicitation (CE) attack can be defended effectively.
Controllable quantum secure direct communication is an important branch of quantum communication. In this paper, we propose a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol with channel capacity controllable based on a five-particle cluster state. To start with, the sender Alice prepares the five-particle cluster state sequence and inserts decoy photon randomly, and then sends two parts of the particle sequence to the receiver Bob and the controller Cindy, and meanwhile keeps one part of the particle sequence himself. After Bob and Cindy receive the particle sequence, Alice performs a Z-based single-particle measurement and publishes the measurement results and the position information of the decoy photon through the classical channel. According to the information published by Alice, Bob and Cindy remove the decoy photon and perform a Bell-state measurement to their own part particle sequence. Three sides of communication complete the first safety examination of the channel by checking the bit error rate of the measurement results. After that, the controller Cindy determines the channel capacity by selecting the measurement base (Z basis or X basis) to measure its own particle sequence, and then announces the measured results with classical channel. The sender Alice inserts decoy photon and codes the information by doing a unitary transformation to its own particle sequence and then sends the receiver Bob and tells him the position information of the decoy photon with classical channel. Combining the information published by Cindy with the information transmitted by Alice, Bob can complete the second safety examination of the channel and decode the information Alice has sent by removing decoy photon and performing a Bell-state measurement of his own two groups of particle with appropriate rules. Through an analysis of the entangled structural properties of the five-particle cluster state, it has been confirmed that this protocol is designed to make full use of the entanglement properties of the five-particle cluster in different entangled structures. Therefore the protocol can obviously be generalized into the two-way controlled quantum secure direct communication by simply changing the rules of the measurement and the particles used for unitary coding. Through analyzing the security of this protocol, it reveals that this protocol can effectively both prevent eavesdroppers from eavesdropping useful information and monitor this kind of act, and therefore the controlled quantum secure direct communication can theoretically be established in a certain noise environment.
A novel quantum secure direct communication protocol based on four-particle genuine entangled state and quantum dense coding is proposed. In this protocol, the four-particle genuine entangled state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. Finally, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. During the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by comparing the relationship between the maximal information that the eavesdroppers (Eve) can obtain, and the probability of being detected. Through the analysis we can state that our scheme is feasible and secure.