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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Engineering Multiphoton Quantum States using Conditional Measurements

Roberto de J. León‐Montiel, Omar S. Magaña‐Loaiza, Armando Pérez-Leija, Alfred B. U’Ren, Kurt Busch, Adriana E. Lita, Sae Woo Nam, Thomas Gerrits, Richard P. Mirin

Published Jan 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate that the simultaneous subtraction of photons from a two-mode squeezed vacuum state leads to the generation of entangled states with increasingly larger average photon number.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.t5a.14

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Abstract The quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation predicts characteristic statistical fluctuations for light sources as diverse as sunlight, laser radiation, and molecule fluorescence. Indeed, these underlying statistical fluctuations of light are associated with the fundamental physical processes behind their generation. In this contribution, we experimentally demonstrate that the manipulation of the quantum electromagnetic fluctuations of two-mode squeezed vacuum states leads to a family of quantum-correlated multiphoton states with tunable mean photon numbers and degree of correlation. Our technique relies on the use of conditional measurements to engineer the excitation mode of the field through the simultaneous subtraction of photons from two-mode squeezed vacuum states. The experimental generation of nonclassical multiphoton states by means of photon subtraction unveils novel mechanisms to control fundamental properties of light. As a remarkable example, we demonstrate the engineering of a quantum state of light with up to ten photons, exhibiting nearly Poissonian photon statistics, that constitutes an important step towards the generation of entangled lasers. Our technique enables a robust protocol to prepare quantum states with multiple photons in high-dimensional spaces and, as such, it constitutes a novel platform for exploring quantum phenomena in mesoscopic systems.
The control of photons represents a pillar for our modern technological society. The emerging field of quantum photonics exploits quantum properties of light to dramatically improve the performance of protocols for metrology, communication and information processing. However, modern applications exploit very little of the enormous potential of the photon. Unfortunately, the challenges involved in the preparation and characterization of photonic states with multiple particles, impose practical limitations to realistic quantum technologies. In this talk, I will report on our recent results on the preparation, manipulation and characterization of quantum states with multiple photons. I will describe how the manipulation of the quantum electromagnetic fluctuations of a pair of vacuum states leads to a novel family of quantum-correlated multiphoton states with tunable mean photon numbers and degrees of correlations. Our technique relies on the use of conditional measurements to engineer the vacuum and consequently the excitation mode of the field through the simultaneous subtraction of photons from two-mode squeezed vacuum states. In addition, I will describe the potential of combing these states with photon number resolving measurements for quantum phase estimation. The last part of my talk will be devoted to discuss our recent technique that allowed us to utilize compressive sensing to demonstrate measurement of high-dimensional states, that describe telecom photon pairs in the spatial and spectral degrees of freedom, with 12 billions of elements using only a small fraction of measurements.
We study the application of photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states (TMSVS), where identical photon numbers are subtracted from each beam, to the problem of quantum optical interferometry with the photon-number parity measurements scheme. Previously, Anisimov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 103602 (2010)] have studied the prospect of using the TMSVS for parity measurements based interferometry. However, the joint photon number distribution of this state before beam splitting is thermal-like in each mode, meaning that its statistics are super-Poissonian and that the most probable state of the field is the double vacuum and that the average photon number is low. Furthermore, with these states the sensitivity of the phase-shift measurement is extremely sensitive to the size of the phase shift to be measured for large average photon numbers. The simultaneous subtraction of 1, 2, or 3 photons from each mode has the effects of increasing the average photon numbers of each mode and rendering the statistics nearly Poissonian and in some cases sub-Poissonian. We show that phase uncertainties for such states are less sensitive to the phase shift itself at large average photon numbers. We also show that the photon-subtracted TMSVS also lead to increased resolution.