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Reconfigurable Frequency Coding of Deterministic Single Photons in the Telecom C-Band

Samuel Gyger, Katharina D. Zeuner, Klaus D. Jöns, Ali W. Elshaari, Matthias Paul, Sergei Popov, Carl Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Mattias Hammar, Oskars Ozoliņš, Val Zwiller

Published Mar 13, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this work, we develop reconfigurable frequency manipulation of quantum states of light in the telecom C-band. Deterministic single photons are encoded in a superposition state of three tunable channels using sidebands spanning 53GHz created by an off-the-shelf phase modulator. The single photons are emitted by an InAs/GaAs quantum dot grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy within the transparency window of the backbone fiber optical network. This combination of established telecommunication equipment and a novel quantum light source paves the way for future quantum-internet applications.

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In this work, we develop reconfigurable frequency manipulation of quantum states of light in the telecom C-band. Deterministic single photons are encoded in a superposition state of three tunable channels using sidebands spanning 53GHz created by an off-the-shelf phase modulator. The single photons are emitted by an InAs/GaAs quantum dot grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy within the transparency window of the backbone fiber optical network. This combination of established telecommunication equipment and a novel quantum light source paves the way for future quantum-internet applications.
In this work, we demonstrate reconfigurable frequency manipulation of quantum states of light in the telecom C-band. Triggered single photons are encoded in a superposition state of three channels using sidebands up to 53 GHz created by an off-the-shelf phase modulator. The single photons are emitted by an InAs/GaAs quantum dot grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy within the transparency window of the backbone fiber optical network. A cross-correlation measurement of the sidebands demonstrates the preservation of the single photon nature; an important prerequisite for future quantum technology applications using the existing telecommunication fiber network.
Fiber-based quantum networks require on-demand sources of entangled photons in the telecom C-band for long distance information transfer. Historically, the field of in-fiber entanglement distribution has been dominated by photons provided via spontaneous processes. In recent years, semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as strong competitors in terms of generating single and entangled photons due to their promise of deterministic qubit generation in the NIR wavelength region. Here, we show the on-demand generation of polarization entangled photons in the telecom C-band based on InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown via metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. By employing a robust phonon-assisted two-photon excitation scheme, we are able to generate pairs of entangled photons with a concurrence of 91.4 ± 3.8 % and a maximum fidelity to the Bell state Φ+ of 95.2 ± 1.1 %.
Abstract On‐demand single‐photon sources emitting pure and indistinguishable photons at the telecommunication wavelength are critical assets toward the deployment of fiber‐based quantum networks. Indeed, single photons may serve as flying qubits, allowing communication of quantum information over long distances. Self‐assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs constitute an excellent nearly deterministic source of high‐quality single photons, but the vast majority of sources operate in the 900–950 nm wavelength range, precluding their adoption in a quantum network. A quantum frequency conversion scheme is presented here for converting single photons from quantum dots to the telecommunication C band, around 1550 nm, achieving 40.8% end‐to‐end efficiency, while maintaining both high purity and a high degree of indistinguishability during conversion with measured values of and , respectively.
On-demand indistinguishable single-photon sources are essential for quantum networking and communication. Semiconductor quantum dots are among the most promising candidates, but their typical emission wavelength renders them unsuitable for use in fiber networks. Here, we present quantum frequency conversion of near-infrared photons from a bright quantum dot to the telecommunication C-band, allowing integration with existing fiber architectures. We use a custom-built, tunable 2400 nm seed laser to convert single photons from 942 nm to 1550 nm in a difference-frequency generation process. We achieve an end-to-end conversion efficiency of ≃35%, demonstrate count rates approaching 1 MHz at 1550 nm with g(2)(0)=0.043(1), and achieve Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) visibilities of 60%. We expect this scheme to be preferable to quantum dot sources directly emitting at telecom wavelengths for fiber-based quantum networking.
The implementation of fiber-based long-range quantum communication requires tunable sources of single photons at the telecom C-band. Stable and easy-to-implement wavelength-tunability of individual sources is crucial to (i) bring remote sources into resonance, (ii) define a wavelength standard, and (iii) ensure scalability to operate a quantum repeater. So far, the most promising sources for true, telecom single photons are semiconductor quantum dots, due to their ability to deterministically and reliably emit single and entangled photons. However, the required wavelength-tunability is hard to attain. Here, we show a stable wavelength-tunable quantum light source by integrating strain-released InAs quantum dots on piezoelectric substrates. We present triggered single-photon emission at 1.55 μm with a multi-photon emission probability as low as 0.097, as well as photon pair emission from the radiative biexciton–exciton cascade. We achieve a tuning range of 0.25 nm which will allow us to spectrally overlap remote quantum dots or tuning distant quantum dots into resonance with quantum memories. This opens up realistic avenues for the implementation of photonic quantum information processing applications at telecom wavelengths.