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Quantum Information Processing

Quantum correlations in quantum emitters strongly coupled with metallic nanoparticles

Nikos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Thanopulos, Vassilios Yannopapas, Emmanuel Paspalakis

Published Mar 2, 2019• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-019-2217-6

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We theoretically study the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a three-level quantum emitter coupled to a spherical metallic nanoparticle. We consider the case in which the quantum emitter is driven by a single laser field along one of the optical transitions. We show that the development of the spectrum depends on the relative orientation of the dipole moments of the optical transitions in relation to the metal nanoparticle. In addition, we demonstrate that the location and width of the peaks in the spectrum are strongly modified by the exciton-plasmon coupling and the laser detuning, allowing one to achieve a controlled strongly subnatural spectral line. A strong antibunching of the fluorescent photons along the undriven transition is also obtained. Our results may be used for creating a tunable source of photons which could be used for a probabilistic entanglement scheme in the field of quantum information processing.
Single-photon sources are subjected to a fundamental limitation in the speed of operation dictated by the spontaneous emission rate of quantum emitters (QEs). The current paradigm of the rate acceleration suggests coupling of a QE to a metal nanostructure, in particular, a metal nanoparticle (MNP). Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to this approach, a MNP itself being excited via a strong coupling with a QE can emit light with quantum properties. We determine both the first- and second-order correlation functions of light spontaneously emitted by a MNP in such a compound and show that this light should exhibit sub-Poissonian photon statistics and perfect photon antibunching. This discovery opens a prospect to single-photon sources with generation rates up to 100 THz.
We study the resonant fluorescence emission spectrum and the intensity-intensity correlations of the emitted fluorescent field by a V-type quantum emitter (QE) which is located near a metal nanosphere. For the description of the studied phenomena, we use the density matrix equations methodology combined with electromagnetic calculations and obtain results for the profile of the resonant fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation functions associated with the fluorescent photons. The decay rates and the coupling term exhibit a strong dependence on the distance that separates the QE from the metal nanoparticle. This distance also influences the resonance fluorescence of the V-type QE. We find that, in the general case, the resonant fluorescence spectrum is composed of five Lorentzian-type peaks, for high interparticle distances, while, when the QE is located very close to the surface of the nanosphere, the central resonance becomes dominant, and a single-peaked spectral profile appears. The two-time correlation functions of the fluorescent photons evolve in an oscillatory manner around unity, for non-zero time delay, with a period that decreases with the increase of the field intensity. In the strong driving field regime, the antibunching to bunching crossing time does not depend on the interparticle distance, contrary to the results found in the weak driving field regime. We also find that, for a weak laser field and under specific conditions, the second-order correlation functions constantly remain in the antibunching region.