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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Quantum phases for bosons in a square lattice with artificial magnetic flux

Ya-Fei Song, Shi-Jie Yang

Published Feb 20, 2019• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Ground-state phases of the ultracold bosons in 2D optical lattices subject to artificial magnetic flux are studied by the inhomogeneous Gutzwiller variational method. Results show that the density of a vortex increases linearly with the magnetic flux per plaquette. For a smaller magnetic flux, no supersolid (SS) states are present. The superfluid (SF) states are vortex liquids of either particle-type or hole-type, depending on whether the average filling is greater or less than the integer number. For a larger magnetic flux, regular density-wave states, which also exhibit superfluidity of either particle-type or hole-type, appear at the boundary between the Mott insulator and the SF. Moreover, the uniform SF phases differ to the conventional SF by carrying convection super-current and coreless vorticity. The convection super-current or vorticity in the SS phases assemble in pairs or stripes, as well as checkerboards, according to the flux strength per unit cell.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ab08da

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Abstract Ground-state phases of the ultracold bosons in 2D optical lattices subject to artificial magnetic flux are studied by the inhomogeneous Gutzwiller variational method. Results show that the density of a vortex increases linearly with the magnetic flux per plaquette. For a smaller magnetic flux, no supersolid (SS) states are present. The superfluid (SF) states are vortex liquids of either particle-type or hole-type, depending on whether the average filling is greater or less than the integer number. For a larger magnetic flux, regular density-wave states, which also exhibit superfluidity of either particle-type or hole-type, appear at the boundary between the Mott insulator and the SF. Moreover, the uniform SF phases differ to the conventional SF by carrying convection super-current and coreless vorticity. The convection super-current or vorticity in the SS phases assemble in pairs or stripes, as well as checkerboards, according to the flux strength per unit cell.
Abstract The phase diagram of ultracold bosons in a 2D optical lattice subjected to a uniform magnetic flux is studied by the inhomogeneous Gutzwiller variational method. With a harmonic external potential, the density profile exhibits wedding-cake shape and the Mott phase forms a series of circular platforms with integer fillings. There are annular rings of superfluid between these platforms. We identify a lot of phases, including the unicirculation phase, the Meissner phase, the vortex phase, the reversed current phase and the vortex superfluid phase, by examining the super-currents. The circular chiral currents of the reversed current phase are opposite to other phases in annular superfluid and we analyzed the transitions between different phases.
We investigate quantum phases of the Bose-Bose mixtures in a two dimensional (2D) square lattice under artificial magnetic flux. Our analysis employs the inhomogeneous Dynamical Gutzwiller Mean-Field Theory (DGMFT) to investigate ground state within the two-component Bose-Hubbard model. The results based on various inter-component interactions and magnetic flux. In the case of weak inter-component interaction (wherein the inter-component interactions remain subordinate to intra-component interactions, symbolically expressed as |Uab|≤U), we observe a multitude of captivating quantum phases within the Bose-Bose mixtures. These include the emergence of the jagged density-wave supersolid(SS) phase, the latticed-like density-wave SS phase, and counterflow superfluid (CFSF) phase. Notably, the introduction of artificial magnetic flux expands the range of existence for CFSF phase. In the case of strong inter-component interaction(wherein the inter-component interactions surpass intra-component interactions, symbolically expressed as Uab>U), we delve deeper into the classification of the spatially separated phase, aptly termed the phase separated supersolid (P-SS).
We consider effects of artificial magnetic fields on the ground state of the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. Using an asymmetric Bose-Hubbard model, we demonstrate that the frustrating hopping energy localizes bosons and enlarges insulators and supersolid borders. We show these increments in the presence of artificial gauge fields up to a symmetric point of the field. Moreover, our calculations exhibit the real space modulations of the superfluid and supersolid phases. The bosonic current exhibits vortices in these phases, which their configurations depend on the commensuration between the magnetic field and the lattice. Although the magnetic field breaks the translational symmetry of the square lattice explicitly, this symmetry is restored in the Mott insulator phase. The filling factor exhibits a checkerboard pattern in the density-wave and supersolid phases, regardless of the magnetic field strength. We explore thermal fluctuations and demonstrate the robustness of insulators and SS phases up to temperatures comparable to the interaction energy, which support the feasibility of observing such phases in experiments.
We investigate the effects of artificial magnetic fields on the ground-state of the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. Using an asymmetric Bose-Hubbard model, we demonstrate that anisotropic hopping amplitude localizes bosons and enlarges the insulating and supersolid regions. We show these increases in the presence of artificial gauge fields up to the symmetric point of the field. Moreover, our calculations exhibit real-space modulations of the superfluid and supersolid phases. The bosonic current exhibits vortices in these phases, whose configurations depend on the commensuration between the magnetic field and the lattice. Although the magnetic field explicitly breaks the translational symmetry of the square lattice, this symmetry is restored in the Mott insulator phase. The local densities shows a checkerboard pattern in the density-wave and supersolid phases, regardless of the magnetic field strength. We investigate thermal fluctuations and demonstrate the robustness of insulating and supersolid phases up to temperatures comparable to the interaction energy, which supports the feasibility of observing such phases in experiments.
solitons, vortices, and topological excitations. PACS. 03.75.Nt – Other Bose-Einstein condensation phenomena. Abstract. – Motivated by the recent experiment on the Bose-Einstein condensation of 52 Cr atoms with long-range dipolar interactions (Werner J. et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 94 (2005) 183201), we consider a system of bosons with repulsive nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions in an optical lattice. The ground state phase diagram, calculated using the Gutzwiller ansatz, shows, apart from the superfluid (SF) and the Mott insulator (MI), two modulated phases, i.e., the charge density wave (CDW) and the supersolid (SS). Excitation spectra are also calculated which show a gap in the insulators, gapless, phonon mode in the superfluid and the supersolid, and a mode softening of superfluid excitations in the vicinity of the modulated phases. We discuss the possibility of observing these phases in cold dipolar atoms and propose experiments to detect them. The recent observation [2] of quantum phase transition of interacting bosons in an optical lattice has given a new impetus to the study of correlated bosons. The possibility of manipulating both the interactions among the constituents as well as disorder in the system