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Physical-Layer Security Enhancement for SIMO-MBM Systems

Tianqi Mao, Zhaocheng Wang

Published Dec 1, 2018• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Media-based modulation (MBM) has become a promising technology for wireless communications, which offers significant throughput enhancement and superior performance due to the channel diversity gain achieved by RF mirrors. In this paper, the physical-layer security (PLS) issue is investigated for the single-input-multiple-output MBM (SIMO-MBM) system, and a secure SIMO-MBM system is proposed. Especially, by considering time-division duplexing (TDD) mode, based on its channel reciprocity property, both the data symbol bits and the index bits are protected from the eavesdropper by using the amplitude and phase information of the legitimate channel states as the secret key. For performance evaluation, the bit error rate (BER) of the eavesdropper as well as the system secrecy mutual information are investigated, and Monte Carlo simulations are carried out. Simulation results demonstrate that, the proposed secure SIMO-MBM system is capable of efficiently preventing data leakage whilst ensuring reliable data transmission.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2018.8647748

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Media-based modulation (MBM) has become a promising technology for wireless communications, which offers significant throughput enhancement and superior performance due to the channel diversity gain achieved by RF mirrors. In this paper, the physical-layer security (PLS) issue is investigated for the single-input-multiple-output MBM (SIMO-MBM) system, and a secure SIMO-MBM system is proposed. Especially, by considering time-division duplexing (TDD) mode, based on its channel reciprocity property, both the data symbol bits and the index bits are protected from the eavesdropper by using the amplitude and phase information of the legitimate channel states as the secret key. For performance evaluation, the bit error rate (BER) of the eavesdropper as well as the system secrecy mutual information are investigated, and Monte Carlo simulations are carried out. Simulation results demonstrate that, the proposed secure SIMO-MBM system is capable of efficiently preventing data leakage whilst ensuring reliable data transmission.
In this paper, a physical layer security (PLS) scheme based on quadrature channel modulation (QCM) called secure QCM (SQCM) is proposed for time division duplex (TDD) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) media based modulation (MBM) systems to resist eavesdropping. By exploiting the abundant legitimate channel realizations generated by the radio frequency (RF) mirrors, secure mappings between the original information bits and the transmit patterns are designed, where the transmit patterns include the transmit antenna activation pattern (AAP), mirror activation pattern (MAP) and symbol modulation pattern. The secure mappings used by the transmitter change for each transmission and are unavailable at the eavesdropper due to the independent fading of the legitimate link and the eavesdropping link. Based on the secure mappings, the proposed SQCM conveys the source information bits securely through the complex modulation symbol and instantaneous channel realizations by using a single RF chain. The ergodic secrecy rate is analyzed and a closed-form approximation is derived. Simulation results show that the closed-form approximation coincides with the experimental ergodic secrecy rate, and the achievable ergodic secrecy rate is not influenced by the number of eavesdropping antennas or the channel advantage of the eavesdropping link. Compared to the secure MBM scheme using the traditional artificial noise (AN) technique, the proposed SQCM scheme shows significant performance gain without consuming jamming power when the eavesdropper has more antennas than the legitimate receiver. Compared to the precoded MBM and probabilistic optimized MBM schemes exploiting the eavesdropper's CSI, the proposed SQCM scheme has better secrecy performance in all SNR region and medium-to-high SNR regions respectively without requiring the eavesdropper's CSI.
In this paper, the physical layer security (PLS) issue is studied for frequency-division duplex (FDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) media-based modulation (MBM) systems with a multiple-antenna eavesdropper. A more practical scenario is considered that only the statistic channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropping link is available and the imperfect CSI of the legitimate link is acquired by analog feedback. Based on these imperfect CSI, an artificial-noised-aided precoding scheme is proposed, and an effective achievable ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) is derived when taking into account the feedback overhead. The secrecy performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through simulations in terms of ESR and bit error rate (BER). The influences of the key parameters such as the power allocation ratio and the feedback duration are also discussed.
Media-Based Modulation (MBM) is a novel transmission method whose main idea is embedding information in channel states. In this paper, new insights into the secure communication of MBM systems are presented. Using an information-theoretic framework, we first derive the expressions of the mutual information and the secrecy rate and find out the effect of antennas, channel realizations and other variables. Then we propose an artificial noise based scheme to enhance transmission security without the requirement of eavesdropper's channel information. At last, we numerically analyze the mutual information and secrecy performance of MBM systems with different numbers of antennas and constellations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed artificial noise based scheme for MBM systems achieves improvement of the secrecy rate1.
In this paper, a physical layer security scheme is proposed for index modulation aided orthogonal time frequency space (IM-OTFS) modulation systems working in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode. In FDD systems, the channel reciprocity, which is the basic assumption for most physical layer security (PLS) techniques, is not applicable. To deal with the security challenge in FDD IM-OTFS systems, Chaos sequence is generated by exploiting the angular reciprocity of the legitimate link to construct the secure mapping rule between the information bits and the modulation symbols as well as the symbol indices. A PLS scheme based on the proposed secure mapping is introduced. The secrecy performance of the proposed PLS scheme is analyzed in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and the ergodic secrecy rate. Furthermore, a close-form approximated ergodic secrecy rate is derived to reduce the computational complexity. A truncation method is proposed to obtain robust secure transmissions when the angles of the uplink and downlink legitimate channels are estimated with errors. Simulation results show that the theoretical BER curve approaches the simulated BER curve closely for medium and high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regions, and the eavesdropper’s BER is always around 0.5 for all SNRs. The closed-form approximated ergodic secrecy rate fits the ergodic secrecy rate exactly in low and high SNR regions, and can work as a lower bound of the ergodic secrecy rate in medium SNR region. The secure mapping at the legitimate users is not affected by the angle estimation errors by using the truncation method, while the eavesdropper’s BER is influenced and the influence is analyzed.
The issue of physical layer security of the wireless single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system is addressed in this paper. We proposed a two-step transmission approach to improve the secrecy rate with perfect knowledge of channel state information. In the first step, the destination which has multiple antennas generates a random message and transmits it to the source which has a single antenna. The message is transmitted in a system of multiple-input single-output (MISO) in this step, and it is encoded under the secrecy capacity of the MISO system and thus can be securely transmitted to the source without leaking to the eavesdropper. In the second step, the message of the source is encrypted to a new message by using the received random message in the first step. The new message is then transmitted to the destination under the capacity of the SIMO system without considering the security. The secrecy of the source's message is guaranteed by the first random message, thus it is unknown for the eavesdropper. The information-theoretic security of the two-step transmission approach is proven in this paper, and the optimal power allocation is also proposed by solving an equation. The performance of the two-step transmission approach is analyzed in theory and evaluated by numerical simulations, and the results show that the proposed approach outperforms the traditional approach when the transmit power is great.
Physical layer security (PLS) has grown in popularity as it guarantees secure and reliable communication between wireless devices without restricting the ability of data analysts to eavesdrop. PLS benefits from the randomization property of the wireless channel, which improves immunity and protects against many dangers of information breaches from eavesdroppers. MIMO and Massive MIMO, which use numerous antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends, are fundamental technologies for improving efficiency in 5G and future network systems. The PLS still requires a significant amount of work before it can be employed in practical systems. The interception of eavesdroppers can be made difficult by adding artificial noise. This paper focuses on the physical layer security considering maximal ratio combining, and artificial noise with beamforming techniques to further enhance the secrecy rate. The proposed work demonstrates that the use of transmitter beamforming with artificial noise can significantly improve the degree of confidentiality of information being transmitted between a transmitter and an intended receiver while making it more difficult for eavesdroppers to intercept. The simulation results in terms of bit error rate show that the proposed method has a significant impact on the error rate performance of the eavesdropper.