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Ad Hoc Networks

Code-based physical layer secret key generation in passive optical networks

Marco Baldi, Franco Chiaraluce, Lorenzo Incipini, Marco Ruffini

Published Feb 10, 2019• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.02.003

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In this study, by exploiting the properties of finite‐length polar codes, the authors introduce a physical layer encryption scheme to make secure (from a computational security perspective) and efficient communication between a sender (Alice) and a legitimate receiver (Bob) against both active and passive attacks, simultaneously. To prevent active attacks, two techniques are considered: (i) a novel method is introduced to keep the generator matrix of polar code secret from an active attacker (Oscar); (ii) a proper joint polar encoding/encryption algorithm based on the hidden generator matrix is introduced. Two additional strategies are considered against passive attacks: (i) a new method is introduced to partition the bit‐channels into good and bad bit‐channels and then the scrambled information bits are transmitted over those bit‐channels that are good for Bob but bad for a passive attacker (Eve); (ii) the secret key cryptography is implemented at the physical layer, such that Eve cannot decode the eavesdropped data without the knowledge of the secret key shared between the authorised parties. Besides, this study discusses efficiency analysis results consisting key size, error performance and computational complexity of the proposed scheme.
Physical-layer key generation (PKG) can generate symmetric keys between two communication ends based on the reciprocal uplink and downlink channels. By smartly reconfiguring the radio signal propagation, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is able to improve the secret key rate of PKG. However, existing works involving IRS-assisted PKG are concentrated in single-antenna wireless networks. So this paper investigates the problem of PKG in the IRS-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) system, which aims to maximize the secret key rate by optimally designing the IRS passive beamforming. First, we analyze the correlation between channel state information (CSI) of eavesdropper and legitimate ends and derive the expression of the upper bound of secret key rate under passive eavesdropping attack. Then, an optimal algorithm for designing IRS reflecting coefficients based on Semi-Definite Relaxation (SDR) and Taylor expansion is proposed to maximize the secret key rate. Numerical results show that our optimal IRS-assisted PKG scheme can achieve much higher secret key rate when compared with two benchmark schemes.
Network coding is one of the key technologies to improve the throughput, efficiency, and reliability of two-way relay networks (TWRNs). However, it also brings some new security problems when the physical layer security is considered. In this paper, we present security network coding schemes with key generation from multipath channels to enhance the security performance for TWRN. First, a joint key generation (JKG) approach is proposed, which generates secret keys based on channel impulse responses of multipath channels. Different from the traditional approaches, key exchange is not necessary for the JKG approach such that the eavesdroppers cannot obtain any information about secret keys. Then, an adaptive quantization algorithm is proposed to adaptively choose different parameters for quantization in key generation, which can improve the secret key rate with an acceptable secret key disagreement probability and can still work even if the SNR is low. Finally, security network coding systems are constructed to combine the key generation approaches with the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes are valid and secure against wiretap attacks.