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IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

Secure Transmission in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Networks With an Untrusted Relay

Zhongwu Xiang, Weiwei Yang, Gaofeng Pan, Yueming Cai, Xiaoli Sun

Published Feb 13, 2019• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This letter investigates secure transmission in non-orthogonal multiple access networks with an untrusted amplify-and-forward relay. In order to enhance secrecy performance, a cooperative jamming strategy is designed to confuse the relay. The new exact and asymptotic expressions for effective secrecy throughput (EST) are derived over Nakagami-m fading channels, which demonstrates that jamming plays an important role for obtaining nonzero EST and should be carefully designed for achieving better secrecy performance. In addition, simulations are presented to provide some insights into parameters, i.e., transmit powers and fading parameters, on the secrecy performance.

DOI
10.1109/lwc.2019.2899309

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This letter investigates secure transmission in non-orthogonal multiple access networks with an untrusted amplify-and-forward relay. In order to enhance secrecy performance, a cooperative jamming strategy is designed to confuse the relay. The new exact and asymptotic expressions for effective secrecy throughput (EST) are derived over Nakagami-m fading channels, which demonstrates that jamming plays an important role for obtaining nonzero EST and should be carefully designed for achieving better secrecy performance. In addition, simulations are presented to provide some insights into parameters, i.e., transmit powers and fading parameters, on the secrecy performance.
We propose a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-inspired jamming and relaying scheme to enhance the physical layer security of untrusted relay networks. Particularly, during the first phase, with the application of the downlink NOMA principle, the source sends a superimposed version of a desired signal and a jamming signal, where the jamming signal is designed to deliberately confuse the untrusted relay by exploiting the beamforming design and adapting the transmission rate at the source. During the second phase, relying on the uplink NOMA principle, the untrusted relay forwards its received signals and, simultaneously, the source transmits a new desired signal that cannot be wiretapped by the untrusted relay to maximize the secrecy sum rate. Scenarios of single-antenna and multiple-antenna relaying are considered, and the impact of different antenna configurations at the source and the untrusted relay on the secrecy performance is investigated. Analytical expressions of an ergodic secrecy sum rate (ESSR) lower bound and an asymptotic ESSR scaling law are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance of the proposed NOMA-inspired jamming and relaying scheme. Computer simulations are presented to validate the accuracy of the derived analytical results, and demonstrate the significant ESSR improvement of the proposed scheme over the conventional orthogonal multiple access-based relaying schemes.
In this paper, the secrecy performance for a downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system is studied under two cases. In the first case, the presence of an untrusted user is studied. While, the presence of an eavesdropper node is considered in the second case. The base station transmits superimposed information signals to the half-duplex two-way relay node. The relay amplifies-and-forwards the received signal towards the users. This paper studies the effectiveness of two factors on the secrecy performance in terms of secrecy capacity. these factors are the power allocated for each user, and the distance between the untrusted user and the cooperative relay node with respect to the strong user. Moreover, this paper proposes the shared jamming signal strategy in order to enhance the physical layer security of the cooperative NOMA in the presence of an eavesdropper node. Furthermore, simulations of the secrecy capacity are presented and compared with a conventional scheme based on null-steering jamming scheme. Based on the result the proposed technique outperforms the conventional technique in terms the of secrecy capacity.
This letter investigates secure transmission for a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network consisting of multiple near users (NUs), a far user (FU) and an untrusted relay. In each slot, the base station serves an opportunistically scheduled NU along with the FU by using NOMA. We design a cooperative jamming based secure transmission strategy to prevent the information leakage of the NU and the FU against the untrusted relay. A novel NU selection scheme is proposed to enhance the secrecy performance, while guaranteeing the scheduling fairness among all NUs. Considering that all channels of NUs experience independent but non-identically distributed Rayleigh fading, the closed-form average secrecy rate and its scaling law are theoretically derived for the FU and the scheduled NU. Finally, simulations are provided to validate the secrecy enhancement and the scheduling fairness of the proposed scheme.
The application of successive interference cancellation (SIC) introduces critical security risks to cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems in the presence of untrustworthy network nodes, referred to as internal eavesdroppers. To address this potential security and reliability flaw, by assuming all users are untrusted, this letter investigates the effective secrecy throughput (EST) for a cooperative NOMA system, where a near user serves as an amplify-and-forward relay to help forward the information of a far user. Considering the inverse power allocation and SIC decoding order, a novel jamming strategy is proposed to enhance the security performance of the far user. Gauss-Chebyshev approximations of ESTs over Nakagami-m{m}mchannels are derived. Asymptotic EST expressions are proposed to provide further insights. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed jamming strategy and the inverse power allocation and SIC decoding order are both essential for achieving positive secrecy rates for both users.
Considering a nonregenerative untrusted relay network, we investigate three different secure transmission strategies, for example, noncooperative strategy, conventional amplify-and-forward (AF) strategy, and cooperative jamming (CJ) strategy. To thoroughly assess the secrecy performance achieved by the three strategies, we derive the closed-form expressions for the connection outage probability and secrecy outage probability regarding each strategy. Based on these expressions, the reliability and security tradeoff (RST) is examined to facilitate the design of the transmitting parameters. We then present the closed-form expression for the effective secrecy throughput (EST) and characterize the overall efficiency of these transmission strategies. Furthermore, we conduct the asymptotic analysis for the secrecy throughput, which enables us to determine the optimal transmission strategy under different scenarios. Our analytical and numerical results demonstrate that compared with the noncooperative and AF strategies, the CJ strategy possesses the best performance in terms of RST. Additionally, we also find that the EST performance of the AF strategy is nearly invariable when the quality of the second hop changes.
We study secure communications with an untrusted relay for a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, where a base station (BS) serves a near user (NU) and a far user (FU) by the NOMA principle, and transmission between BS and FU is aided by an untrusted relay. We propose an adaptive jamming scheme to enhance transmission security, in which FU is asked to adaptively emit a jamming signal to confuse the untrusted relay. The transmission rate for jamming is designed to ensure that only NU can decode the jamming signal correctly, and the jamming power is optimized for maximizing the secrecy sum rate. We analyze the security performance of the proposed scheme and derive the ergodic secrecy sum rate and its scaling law. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive jamming scheme.