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Computer Communications

On the using of Rényi’s quadratic entropy for physical layer key generation

Furui Zhan, Zixiang Zhao, Yuhua Chen, Nianmin Yao

Published Feb 15, 2019• 12 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.comcom.2019.02.001

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The fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) supports wireless data transmission across civil, commercial, industrial, and even military networks, where vast amounts of privacy data are constantly transmitted. However, the open nature of the air interface in 5G systems makes them vulnerable to various attacks. Physical-layer key generation (PKG) has been recognized as a highly promising technology for ensuring data security in 5G systems, while existing PKG schemes achieve low key entropy (i.e., low key randomness) due to poor channel probing and quantization. In this paper, we propose a PKG scheme with high key entropy, tailored to the unique characteristics of 5G systems. First, we design a channel probing method based on the demodulation reference signal in accordance with 5G standards, enhancing the similarity between channel measurements. Next, we introduce a quantization method based on local increment and monotonicity, which effectively leverages channel characteristics to achieve high-speed key generation and improve key entropy. Finally, we use both MATLAB simulation and real-world channel measurements to achieve comprehensive verification of the proposed scheme. The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme increases the key entropy by at least 25% with nearly the same key generation rate compared with existing PKG schemes for 5G systems. The experiment using real-world channel measurements also confirmed that the proposed scheme has higher key entropy.
Physical layer Key generation is an attractive and recent alternative to achieve security in wireless networks. However, like other security algorithms, performance of physical layer key generation depends on randomness attained by generated keys. In this paper, different types of random tests like Frequency test, Serial test, Entropy test etc. are described and suitability of NIST statistical test suite for physical layer key generation is discussed. Furthermore, various applications of randomness are also briefly described. Since secrecy of key is crucial for wireless communication, a simulation model is developed for physical layer key generation and randomness of generated key is tested using NIST test suite. A set of arbitrary keys is also evaluated for randomness using NIST test. It is found that key generated using developed model is more random as compared to that of set of arbitrary keys. Therefore, this study suggests physical layer key generation as good candidature for achieving security in wireless networks.