Quantum simulations using AMO systems promise a new way to experimentally study emergent quantum phenomena, but few systems have demonstrated the capability to control ensembles in which quantum effects cannot be directly computed. The 2D array of 100s of 9Be+ ions in a Penning trap, crystallized in a triangular lattice when laser cooled, is a promising platform for intractable quantum simulations using the 9Be+ valence electron spin as a qubit [1]. Spin-dependent forces are employed to modify the strong Coulomb interaction of the ions, mimicking a quantum magnetic interaction. The range of the magnetic interaction can be tuned from infinite to a dipole-dipole like coupling. Combining the application of the spin-dependent force with a transverse magnetic field should lead to the development of quantum correlations between the spins, which can be measured through optical readout of the spin state, both globally and with site-resolved imaging. In this way, trapped atomic ions can be used to probe novel and intractable aspects of quantum magnetism, including the effects of long-range interactions and simulations of quantum non-equilibrium phenomena [2]. In addition to a general overview, I will discuss recent work from a new Penning trap set-up at NIST.Quantum simulations using AMO systems promise a new way to experimentally study emergent quantum phenomena, but few systems have demonstrated the capability to control ensembles in which quantum effects cannot be directly computed. The 2D array of 100s of 9Be+ ions in a Penning trap, crystallized in a triangular lattice when laser cooled, is a promising platform for intractable quantum simulations using the 9Be+ valence electron spin as a qubit [1]. Spin-dependent forces are employed to modify the strong Coulomb interaction of the ions, mimicking a quantum magnetic interaction. The range of the magnetic interaction can be tuned from infinite to a dipole-dipole like coupling. Combining the application of the spin-dependent force with a transverse magnetic field should lead to the development of quantum correlations between the spins, which can be measured through optical readout of the spin state, both globally and with site-resolved imaging. In this way, trapped atomic ions can be used to probe novel and intractable aspects of quantum magnetism, including the effects of long-range interactions and simulations of quantum non-equilibrium phenomena [2]. In addition to a general overview, I will discuss recent work from a new Penning trap set-up at NIST.

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMar 4, 20150 citations

High-fidelity quantum control using ion crystals in a Penning trap

Michael J. Biercuk, Hermann Uys, Aaron P. VanDevender +3 more

We provide an introduction to the use of ion crystals in a Penning trap for experiments in quantum information. Macroscopic Penning traps allow for the containment of a few to a few million atomic ions whose internal states may be used in quantum information experiments. Ions are laser Doppler cooled, and the mutual Coulomb repulsion of the ions leads to the formation of crystalline arrays. The structure and dimensionality of the resulting ion crystals may be tuned using a combination of control laser beams and external potentials. We discuss the use of two-dimensional $^{9}$ Be $^{+}$ ion crystals for experimental tests of quantum control techniques. Our primary qubit is the 124 GHz ground-state electron spin flip transition, which we drive using microwaves. An ion crystal represents a spatial ensemble of qubits, but the effects of inhomogeneities across a typical crystal are small, and as such we treat the ensemble as a single effective spin. We are able to initialize the qubits in a simple state and perform a projective measurement on the system. We demonstrate full control of the qubit Bloch vector, performing arbitrary high-fidelity rotations ($\tau_{\pi}\sim$200 $\mu$ s). Randomized Benchmarking demonstrates an error per gate (a Pauli-randomized $\pi/2$ and $\pi$ pulse pair) of $8\pm1\times10^{-4}$ . Ramsey interferometry and spin-locking measurements are used to elucidate the limits of qubit coherence in the system, yielding a typical free-induction decay coherence time of $T_{2}\sim$2 ms, and a limiting $T_{1\rho}\sim$688 ms. These experimental specifications make ion crystals in a Penning trap ideal candidates for novel experiments in quantum control. As such, we briefly describe recent efforts aimed at studying the error-suppressing capabilities of dynamical decoupling pulse sequences, demonstrating an ability to extend qubit coherence and suppress phase errors. We conclude with a discussion of future avenues for experimental exploration, including the use of additional nuclear-spin-flip transitions for effective multiqubit protocols, and the potential for Coulomb crystals to form a useful testbed for studies of large-scale entanglement.We provide an introduction to the use of ion crystals in a Penning trap for experiments in quantum information. Macroscopic Penning traps allow for the containment of a few to a few million atomic ions whose internal states may be used in quantum information experiments. Ions are laser Doppler cooled, and the mutual Coulomb repulsion of the ions leads to the formation of crystalline arrays. The structure and dimensionality of the resulting ion crystals may be tuned using a combination of control laser beams and external potentials. We discuss the use of two-dimensional $^{9}$Be$^{+}$ ion crystals for experimental tests of quantum control techniques. Our primary qubit is the 124 GHz ground-state electron spin flip transition, which we drive using microwaves. An ion crystal represents a spatial ensemble of qubits, but the effects of inhomogeneities across a typical crystal are small, and as such we treat the ensemble as a single effective spin. We are able to initialize the qubits in a simple state and perform a projective measurement on the system. We demonstrate full control of the qubit Bloch vector, performing arbitrary high-fidelity rotations ($\tau_{\pi}\sim$200 $\mu$s). Randomized Benchmarking demonstrates an error per gate (a Pauli-randomized $\pi/2$ and $\pi$ pulse pair) of $8\pm1\times10^{-4}$. Ramsey interferometry and spin-locking measurements are used to elucidate the limits of qubit coherence in the system, yielding a typical free-induction decay coherence time of $T_{2}\sim$2 ms, and a limiting $T_{1\rho}\sim$688 ms. These experimental specifications make ion crystals in a Penning trap ideal candidates for novel experiments in quantum control. As such, we briefly describe recent efforts aimed at studying the error-suppressing capabilities of dynamical decoupling pulse sequences, demonstrating an ability to extend qubit coherence and suppress phase errors. We conclude with a discussion of future avenues for experimental exploration, including the use of additional nuclear-spin-flip transitions for effective multiqubit protocols, and the potential for Coulomb crystals to form a useful testbed for studies of large-scale entanglement.

Quantum Information and ComputationNov 1, 200954 citations

^{9}

^{+}

ion crystals for experimental tests of quantum control techniques. Our primary qubit is the 124 GHz ground-state electron spin flip transition, which we drive using microwaves. An ion crystal represents a spatial ensemble of qubits, but the effects of inhomogeneities across a typical crystal are small, and as such we treat the ensemble as a single effective spin. We are able to initialize the qubits in a simple state and perform a projective measurement on the system. We demonstrate full control of the qubit Bloch vector, performing arbitrary high-fidelity rotations ($\tau_{\pi}\sim$200

\mu

s). Randomized Benchmarking demonstrates an error per gate (a Pauli-randomized

\pi/2

and

\pi

pulse pair) of

8\pm1\times10^{-4}

. Ramsey interferometry and spin-locking measurements are used to elucidate the limits of qubit coherence in the system, yielding a typical free-induction decay coherence time of $T_{2}\sim$2 ms, and a limiting $T_{1\rho}\sim$688 ms. These experimental specifications make ion crystals in a Penning trap ideal candidates for novel experiments in quantum control. As such, we briefly describe recent efforts aimed at studying the error-suppressing capabilities of dynamical decoupling pulse sequences, demonstrating an ability to extend qubit coherence and suppress phase errors. We conclude with a discussion of future avenues for experimental exploration, including the use of additional nuclear-spin-flip transitions for effective multiqubit protocols, and the potential for Coulomb crystals to form a useful testbed for studies of large-scale entanglement.