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International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings

Multi-photon interference between a two-photon state and a weak coherent state

Yun Zhang, Lirong Wang, Masayoshi Watanabe

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multi-photon interference between a two-photon state and a weak coherent state is presented. The results show that the interference depended on not only the relative phase but also the amplitude between the two interference fields.
DOI
10.1364/oedi.2018.ot4a.18

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We experimentally demonstrated a three-photon interference on a beam splitter between a weak coherent state and a two-photon state produced by a spontaneous parametric down conversion. It indicates that a combined three-photon probability amplitude, which is formed by the two-photon state and one-photon from the coherent state, can be used to interfere with another three-photon probability amplitude from the coherent state. The observed three-photon coincidence rate showed that the interference depended on not only the relative phase between the two interference field but also the amplitude of the weak coherent state. This may introduce another free parameter for preparing quantum state, such as high N00N state, with quantum interference.
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Abstract Multiphoton interference is an important phenomenon in modern quantum mechanics and experimental quantum optics, and it is fundamental for the development of quantum information science and technologies. Over the last three decades, several theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the essential principles underlying such interference and to explore potential applications. Recently, the two-photon interference (TPI) of phase-randomized weak coherent states has played a key role in the realization of long-distance quantum communication based on the use of classical light sources. In this context, we investigated TPI experiments with weak coherent pulses and quantitatively analyzed the results in terms of the single- and coincidence-counting rates and one- and two-photon interference-fringe shapes. We experimentally examined the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type TPI of phase-randomized weak coherent pulses to compare the TPI effect at the single-photon level with that of correlated photons. Further experiments were also performed with two temporally- and spatially separated weak coherent pulses. Although the observed interference results, including the results of visibility and fringe shape, can be suitably explained by classical intensity correlation, the physics underlying the TPI effect needs to be interpreted as the interference between the two-photon states at the single-photon level within the utilized interferometer. The results of this study can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the TPI of coherent light at the single-photon level.
We experimentally investigate two-photon interference between a weak coherent state and a heralded single-photon state, producing from a spontaneous parametric down conversion. Both the unequal spectrum linewidth and average photon number ratio in a given time interval are considered in our model. We obtained excellent agreement between our experimental data and prediction from our model. Furthermore, the range of observing high visibility two-photon interference is significantly extended by isolating coincidence events from two-photon contributions in the weak coherent state. These results may throw some new light on quantum information technology when the two-photon interference with independent sources is required.
We report two-photon interference with continuous-wave multi-mode coherent light. We show that the two-photon interference, in terms of the detection time difference, reveals two-photon beating fringes with the visibility V = 0.5. While scanning the optical delay of the interferometer, Hong-Ou-Mandel dips or peaks are measured depending on the chosen detection time difference. The HOM dips/peaks are repeated when the optical delay and the first-order coherence revival period of the multi-mode coherent light are the same. These results help to understand the nature of two-photon interference and also can be useful for quantum information science.
The interference of two photons at a beam splitter is at the core of many quantum photonic technologies, such as quantum key distribution or linear-optics quantum computing. Observing high-visibility interference is challenging because of the difficulty of realizing indistinguishable single-photon sources. Here, we perform a two-photon interference experiment using phase-randomized weak coherent states with different mean photon numbers. We place a tight upper bound on the expected coincidences for the case when the incident wavepackets contain single photons, allowing us to observe the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. We find that the interference visibility is at least as large as 0.995-0.013+0.005.