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IEEE Access

Quantum Image Encryption Using Intra and Inter Bit Permutation Based on Logistic Map

Xingbin Liu, Di Xiao, Yanping Xiang

Published Dec 27, 2018• 69 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a quantum image encryption scheme is proposed by using the inter–intra bit-level permutation strategy. The image to be encrypted is first represented by a novel enhanced quantum representation model, and then, the intra and inter permutation operations are successively performed on bit planes. The intra bit permutation is achieved by sorting chaotic sequence, and the inter bit permutation is accomplished with qubit XOR operations between the two selected bit planes. The ciphertext image is finally obtained through a chaotic diffusion procedure implemented with a quantum image XOR operation. The XOR operation is realized by controlled- NOT gates, which is controlled by a chaotic sequence generated with a logistic map. The parameters of the logistic map are sensitive, which makes the key space large enough to resist brute-force attack. The proposed scheme not only modifies the pixel positions and gray values but also makes the bit distribution more uniform. The quantum circuits for the proposed encryption algorithm are devised. The simulation results and theoretical analysis show that the proposed method is more efficient than its classical counterpart, and its security is verified by the statistical analysis, keys sensitivity, and key space analysis.

DOI
10.1109/access.2018.2889896

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In this paper, a quantum image encryption scheme is proposed by using the inter–intra bit-level permutation strategy. The image to be encrypted is first represented by a novel enhanced quantum representation model, and then, the intra and inter permutation operations are successively performed on bit planes. The intra bit permutation is achieved by sorting chaotic sequence, and the inter bit permutation is accomplished with qubit XOR operations between the two selected bit planes. The ciphertext image is finally obtained through a chaotic diffusion procedure implemented with a quantum image XOR operation. The XOR operation is realized by controlled- NOT gates, which is controlled by a chaotic sequence generated with a logistic map. The parameters of the logistic map are sensitive, which makes the key space large enough to resist brute-force attack. The proposed scheme not only modifies the pixel positions and gray values but also makes the bit distribution more uniform. The quantum circuits for the proposed encryption algorithm are devised. The simulation results and theoretical analysis show that the proposed method is more efficient than its classical counterpart, and its security is verified by the statistical analysis, keys sensitivity, and key space analysis.
This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on logistic quantum chaos. Firstly, we use compressive sensing algorithms to compress plaintext images and quantum logistic and Hadamard matrix to generate the measurement matrix. Secondly, the improved flexible representation of the quantum images (FRQI) encoding method is utilized for encoding the compressed image. The pixel value scrambling operation of the encoded image is realized by rotating the qubit around the axis. Finally, the quantum pixel is encoded into the pixel value in the classical computer, and the bit-level diffusion and scrambling are performed on it. Numerical analysis and simulation results show that our proposed scheme has the large keyspace and strong key sensitivity. The proposed scheme can also resist standard attack methods such as differential attacks and statistical analysis.
This paper explores a double quantum images representation (DNEQR) model that allows for simultaneous storage of two digital images in a quantum superposition state. Additionally, a new type of two-dimensional hyperchaotic system based on sine and logistic maps is investigated, offering a wider parameter space and better chaotic behavior compared to the sine and logistic maps. Based on the DNEQR model and the hyperchaotic system, a double quantum images encryption algorithm is proposed. Firstly, two classical plaintext images are transformed into quantum states using the DNEQR model. Then, the proposed hyperchaotic system is employed to iteratively generate pseudo-random sequences. These chaotic sequences are utilized to perform pixel value and position operations on the quantum image, resulting in changes to both pixel values and positions. Finally, the ciphertext image can be obtained by qubit-level diffusion using two XOR operations between the position-permutated image and the pseudo-random sequences. The corresponding quantum circuits are also given. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme ensures the security of the images during transmission, improves the encryption efficiency, and enhances anti-interference and anti-attack capabilities.
Medical image security is crucial for patient confidentiality because it is exposed to many attacks, such as editing photos or moving the affected part to another place, and others. Encryption is an efficient technique to protect the confidentiality of images, but traditional encryption suffers from brute-force attacks. This research proposes an encryption method depending on quantum concepts to resist brute-force attacks using a 3D logistic map to generate keys; the keys were scrambled to increase the randomness, and using the best image scrambling scheme generated by a genetic algorithm as a first stage to increase the strength of the encryption algorithm. The quantum scrambled image is then encrypted by using XOR process depending on a 3D logistic map key generator. The proposed encrypting and decrypting algorithm utilize a NEQR quantum image representation. Numerical and simulation analyses using MATLAB demonstrate that the suggested encryption algorithm is robust, realizable, and highly efficient in comparison to its classical equivalent.
A quantum color image encryption algorithm based on geometric transformation and intensity channel diffusion was designed. Firstly, a plaintext image was transformed into a quantum state form using the quantum image representation based on HSI color space (QIRHSI) representation as a carrier. Next, a pseudo-random sequence was generated using the generalized logistic map, and the pixel positions permuted multiple two-point swap operations. Immediately afterward, the intensity values were changed by an intensity bit-plane cross-swap and XOR, XNOR operations. Finally, the intensity channel of the above image was diffused in combination with the pseudo-confusion sequence as produced by the quantum logistic map to perform a diffusion operation on the intensity bit-plane to obtain the ciphertext image. Numerical simulations and analyses show that the designed algorithm is implementable and robust, especially in terms of outstanding performance and less computational complexity than classical algorithms in terms of security perspective.
Abstract The parallel computing power of quantum computing and the special properties of qubits provide an effective solution for image processing tasks. This paper presents a quantum image encryption algorithm based on Fisher-Yates algorithm and Logistic mapping. Firstly, the Fisher-Yates algorithm is used to generate three key sequences, one of which is used to encode the coordinate qubits of the image. Using the other two keys and the preset rules, the quantum coordinate scrambling operation is designed based on the encoded coordinate qubit, which effectively scrambles the spatial information of the plaintext image. Next, another set of key sequences is generated, one of which is used to encode the color qubits of the image. Using two other key sequences and different rules, a qubit plane scrambling operation based on coded color qubits is designed, and the color information of image is scrambled successfully. Finally, the quantum key image is generated based on Logistic mapping, and the key image is scrambled based on Fisher-Yates algorithm to improve the key complexity. The final ciphertext image is obtained by performing XOR operation between the original image and the scrambled key image. The complete quantum circuit diagram of the scheme is given in this paper. The experimental results and security analysis prove the effectiveness of the scheme, which provides a large key space and the computational complexity is only O(n).
Abstract On the basis of using quantum NEQR (novel enhanced quantum representation of digital image) to display images, a dual chaos system based on quantum logistic mapping is proposed to encrypt quantum images to ensure the security of quantum image transmission. The encryption algorithm is based on quantum logistic mapping and Chen chaos system to generate chaotic sequences, and uses quantum rotation gate operations to rotate and transform each pixel of the quantum image to achieve the effect of image encryption. Traditional quantum image encryption usually uses classical randomly generated sequences to construct the encryption angle of the quantum rotating door. This method combines the randomness of measured quantum with the chaotic system to obtain a truly random sequence. Using this random sequence can better Keep images confidential. Experimental results show that this method has high security and sensitivity to keys. In the sensitivity analysis of the results of the simulation experiment, its NPCR (Number of Pixels Change Rate) values floated around 99.60%. In the field of image encryption, the reliability of image encryption is greatly enhanced.