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Journal of Modern Optics

Frequency shift of an optical cavity mode due to a single-atom motion

Mojtaba Moazzezi, Yuri V. Rostovtsev

Published Jan 3, 2019• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using quantum coherence effects, we have developed a new technique of detection of motion of single atoms or ions in an optical cavity. We have theoretically demonstrated that the presence of a single atom or ion inside cavity leads to a shift in cavity frequency and phase of transmitted probe beams. It has been shown by the use of EIT technique, the change of the phase is extremely sensitive to probe detuning in the vicinity of resonance frequency and can be in the order of 10−4.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2018.1562120

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We present a detailed analysis of the quantum-nondemolition (QND) properties of a measurement scheme employing coherently driven three-level atoms in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} or cascade configuration inside an optical cavity. We propose to use a strong signal field to empty one of the transitions and dress the signal-transition levels. The atoms become transparent for the signal beam, which sees a ``ghost transition.'' When a probe is applied and tuned to the vicinity of one of the light-shifted levels, the probe phase is extremely sensitive to fluctuations of the signal intensity. This enhances the QND coupling and enables the system to operate at lower cooperativities.
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Summary form only given. We observe the quantized motion of single atoms strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity and investigate dynamics of cavity-assisted atom cooling. Single caesium atoms are trapped in a blue-detuned standing-wave intracavity dipole trap, formed by a lock laser which is used to stabilize the cavity resonance frequency. A probe laser is coupled into the cavity mode and its transmission spectrum is monitored by means of photon-counting heterodyne spectroscopy [2].Measured heterodyne spectra of single atoms in the cavity are shown in Fig. 1 for two different lock-laser intensities and compared with theoretical models. The motional Raman sidebands are offset from the carrier beat signal at 1 MHz by the atomic vibrational frequency (±ν). They show asymmetric lineshapes due to the anharmonicity of the dipole potential.We investigate the dependence of the positions and lineshapes of the motional Raman sidebands on experimantal parameters such as the cavity-atom detuning, and lock-laser intensity. Information on the atomic temperature, cooling and heating rates, as well as the atomic position in the cavity with respect to an antinode of the cavity probe field are found by comparing the observed spectra with theoretical predictions [1]. In addition, this technique can also be used to analyze the cooling dynamics of a cavity-assisted EIT cooling scheme which has been recently studied and demonstrated in [3,4].