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Chinese Physics B

Trapped Bose–Einstein condensates with quadrupole–quadrupole interactions

Anbang Wang, Su Yi

Published Dec 1, 2018• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We numerically investigate the ground-state properties of a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate with quadrupole–quadrupole interaction. We quantitatively characterize the deformations of the condensate induced by the quadrupolar interaction. We also map out the stability diagram of the condensates and explore the trap geometry dependence of the stability.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/27/12/120307

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We numerically investigate the ground-state properties of a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate with quadrupole–quadrupole interaction. We quantitatively characterize the deformations of the condensate induced by the quadrupolar interaction. We also map out the stability diagram of the condensates and explore the trap geometry dependence of the stability.
We theoretically consider the properties of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with a vortex. Our theory includes the influence of the leading order quantum fluctuation corrections which allows the condensate to stabilize into a droplet state in the regime of dominant dipole interactions. We develop numerical techniques to accurately and efficiently calculate the stationary vortex states and the quasi-particle excitations. These methods are carefully benchmarked where possible. We make a brief study of self-bound vortex droplets, considering their basic properties, and presenting a phase diagram for where they exist. We also compare our calculations to results which appeared from another group during our research. We show that their results suffer from serious numerical issues and are unreliable. We focus on studying the properties of a vortex line in an elongated dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a prolate trap. Increasing the strength of the dipole-dipole interactions relative to the short ranged contact interactions we find that the system crosses over to a self-bound vortex droplet stabilized from collapse by quantum fluctuations. We calculate the quasiparticle excitation spectrum of the vortex state, which is important in characterizing the vortex response, and assessing its stability. When the DDIs are sufficiently strong we find that the vortex is dynamically unstable to quadrupolar modes.
We investigate the occurrence of rotons in a quadrupolar Bose–Einstein condensate confined to two dimensions. Depending on the particle density, the ratio of the contact and quadrupole–quadrupole interactions, and the alignment of the quadrupole moments with respect to the confinement plane, the dispersion relation features two or four point-like roton minima or one ring-shaped minimum. We map out the entire parameter space of the roton behavior and identify the instability regions. We propose to observe the exotic rotons by monitoring the characteristic density wave dynamics resulting from a short local perturbation, and discuss the possibilities to detect the predicted effects in state-of-the-art experiments with ultracold homonuclear molecules.