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CRC Press eBooks

New sources and applications of super-radiance

M. G. Benedict, A. M. Ermolaev, Viktor A. Malyshev, I. V. Sokolov, Evgenii Dmitrievich Trifonov

Published Mar 29, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This chapter discusses the two sources: the free-electron laser and the electron-hole plasma in semiconductors. It also discusses the atomic nuclei that may super-radiate in the gamma-ray domain may at least in principle be another non-conventional source of super-radiance. The chapter describes an interesting new experiment of De Voe and Brewer, who have directly observed for the first time the effect of two-atom collective emission, just as predicted by R. H. Dicke in 1954 when the whole subject of super-radiance was launched. It then describes the super-radiance effects in synchrotron radiation. The chapter outlines the quantum approach to the problem of free-electron laser. The gamma-ray device is expected to work on a recoilless Mossbauer transition from an excited level pumped from a pure sample of a long-lived isomer. The chapter explains another system that has a continuous energy spectrum and which is a possible source of super-radiance. It is the electron-hole plasma in semiconductors.

DOI
10.1201/9780203737880-12

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For nearly two decades, starting from the prediction of super-radiance by R. H. Dicke in 1954, the subject was generally considered as being mainly of theoretical significance. The situation changed in 1973 when Skribanowitz, Herman, MacGillivray and Feld performed experiments with low-pressure HF gas, and realized conditions where the phase memory time of the radiation centres was longer than the cooperative spontaneous emission time. This chapter describes the numerous super-radiance experiments. It demonstrates that conditions for the experimental realization of super-radiance do exist, that is under appropriate circumstances super-radiance is not suppressed by de-phasing or inhomogeneous relaxation. The experiments can be divided into two classes with respect to the time scale of the relaxation processes. In gases, the relaxation times are typically in the nanosecond range, whereas in solids these processes are faster, by at least one or two orders of magnitude. The chapter gives a description of some of these experiments both in gases and in solids.

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This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the main features of super-radiance using some simplified models. It presents a review of experimental work on super-radiance. The book also presents a generalization of the Wigner–Weisskopf approach to the N -atom system using a diagram method of non-stationary perturbation theory. It discusses several correlation functions for the field and the polarization, which characterize the coherence properties of super-radiation. The book uses the semiclassical approach to investigate the influence of de-phasing processes on radiation efficiency, or in other words, the influence of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral line on the dynamics and spectrum of super-radiance. It considers the boundary value problem for the transmission and reflection of short pulses, taking into account the local field correction. Two effects are of special interest: the population-dependent frequency shift and the possibility of mirror-less bistability of ultra-short electromagnetic pulses.

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•Nov 1, 2006•0 citations
This chapter discusses the two sources: the free-electron laser and the electron-hole plasma in semiconductors. It also discusses the atomic nuclei that may super-radiate in the gamma-ray domain may at least in principle be another non-conventional source of super-radiance. The chapter describes an interesting new experiment of De Voe and Brewer, who have directly observed for the first time the effect of two-atom collective emission, just as predicted by R. H. Dicke in 1954 when the whole subject of super-radiance was launched. It then describes the super-radiance effects in synchrotron radiation. The chapter outlines the quantum approach to the problem of free-electron laser. The gamma-ray device is expected to work on a recoilless Mossbauer transition from an excited level pumped from a pure sample of a long-lived isomer. The chapter explains another system that has a continuous energy spectrum and which is a possible source of super-radiance. It is the electron-hole plasma in semiconductors.
For nearly two decades, starting from the prediction of super-radiance by R. H. Dicke in 1954, the subject was generally considered as being mainly of theoretical significance. The situation changed in 1973 when Skribanowitz, Herman, MacGillivray and Feld performed experiments with low-pressure HF gas, and realized conditions where the phase memory time of the radiation centres was longer than the cooperative spontaneous emission time. This chapter describes the numerous super-radiance experiments. It demonstrates that conditions for the experimental realization of super-radiance do exist, that is under appropriate circumstances super-radiance is not suppressed by de-phasing or inhomogeneous relaxation. The experiments can be divided into two classes with respect to the time scale of the relaxation processes. In gases, the relaxation times are typically in the nanosecond range, whereas in solids these processes are faster, by at least one or two orders of magnitude. The chapter gives a description of some of these experiments both in gases and in solids.
This chapter considers super-radiance on an elementary level in the sense that the main notions and concepts of the phenomenon will be treated as they evolved in the course of the early studies starting with the classical works by R. H. Dicke. It considers super-radiance from a system with dimensions small compared with the wavelength of the emission that is the Dicke model. The chapter discusses the results to be obtained are also applicable to the single-mode super-radiance of an extended system. It then considers mainly the cooperative spontaneous emission of a collection of N identical atoms confined within a small volume. If the audience wish to investigate the super-radiance of an extended system, the dimensions of which exceed the emission wavelength, the semiclassical method is more convenient. In essence, the semiclassical approach discussed in the chapter combines the quantum mechanical treatment of the atomic system that uses the density matrix formalism with the classical treatment of the radiation field.
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the main features of super-radiance using some simplified models. It presents a review of experimental work on super-radiance. The book also presents a generalization of the Wigner–Weisskopf approach to the N -atom system using a diagram method of non-stationary perturbation theory. It discusses several correlation functions for the field and the polarization, which characterize the coherence properties of super-radiation. The book uses the semiclassical approach to investigate the influence of de-phasing processes on radiation efficiency, or in other words, the influence of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral line on the dynamics and spectrum of super-radiance. It considers the boundary value problem for the transmission and reflection of short pulses, taking into account the local field correction. Two effects are of special interest: the population-dependent frequency shift and the possibility of mirror-less bistability of ultra-short electromagnetic pulses.
Nuclear excitons known from M\"ossbauer spectroscopy describe coherent excitations of a large number of nuclei---analogous to Dicke states (or Dicke super-radiance) in quantum optics. In this paper, we study the possibility of constructing a laser based on these coherent excitations. In contrast to the free-electron laser (in its usual design), such a device would be based on stimulated emission and thus might offer certain advantages, e.g., regarding energy-momentum accuracy. Unfortunately, inserting realistic parameters, the window of operability is probably not open (yet) to present-day technology; but our design should be feasible in the UV regime, for example.
This report results from a contract tasking Moscow State University as follows: Exploration of methods to control the radiative gamma- processes in nuclei is currently one of the most promising investigation directions of the modern Quantum Nucleonics - a new realm of contemporary Physics which spreads the basic conceptual ideas and methods of optical Quantum Electronics of atoms and molecules to the gamma-ray range and atomic nuclei and even anti-particles. One of the most important problems in this field is the generation of coherent gamma-radiation by a Gamma-ray Lasing (GRL) process which makes use of excited nuclei as an amplifying medium. The most likely medium for gamma-ray lasers is an ensemble of metastable nuclear isomers, Direct excitation of these isomeric states by electrons or X-ray photons will also create a deeper understanding of nuclear structure and properties.