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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Photon Spatial Properties and Correlations in Nonclassical Squeezed States of Light Carrying the Orbital Moment

Roman V. Zakharov, Olga V. Tikhonova

Published Nov 1, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The possibility is demonstrated of controlling photon spatial properties and correlations in the near field region for nonclassical squeezed light generated during parametric scattering in a nonlinear interferometer consisting of two spaced crystals. The possibilities are considered of reconstructing modes from experimentally measured covariances.

DOI
10.3103/s1062873818110254

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Abstract The possibility is demonstrated of controlling photon spatial properties and correlations in the near field region for nonclassical squeezed light generated during parametric scattering in a nonlinear interferometer consisting of two spaced crystals. The possibilities are considered of reconstructing modes from experimentally measured covariances.
Abstract Spatial photon correlations and mode content of the squeezed vacuum light generated in a system of two separated nonlinear crystals is investigated. The contribution of both the polar and azimuthal modes with non-zero orbital angular momentum is analyzed. The control and engineering of the spatial properties and degree of entanglement of the non-classical squeezed light by changing the distance between crystals and pump parameters is demonstrated. Methods for amplification of certain spatial modes and managing the output mode content and intensity profile of quantum twisted light are suggested.
The generation of nonclassical states of light with specified frequency-dependent squeezing by way of introducing a correlation between the phase and amplitude of the input field is considered. Three schemes for measuring amplitude fluctuations of the input beam, based on a nondemolition measurement of the intensity in a nonlinear cubic crystal, the effect of light rectification in a quadratic optical crystal, and the use of a non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator, are proposed. The maximum possible value of noise suppression is estimated for each scheme. The prospects for practical realization of the proposed method for generation of frequency-dependent squeezed states are discussed.
A theoretical approach has been developed in the Schmidt mode formalism and photon operators in these modes to describe the spectral properties of the light generated in the nonlinear process of sum-frequency generation. A special regime at which the frequency correlations of photons in the output beams are suppressed has been described in detail. The control of the mode composition and spectral properties of the nonclassical squeezed light used to illuminate the signal channel with the possibility of generating a squeezed vacuum at the sum-frequency mode has been demonstrated at this regime.
We present the experimental realization of spatial quantum correlations of photons that are induced by multiple scattering of squeezed light. The quantum correlation relates photons propagating along two different light paths through the random medium and is infinite in range. Both positive and negative spatial quantum correlations are observed when varying the quantum state incident to the multiple scattering medium, and the strength of the correlations is controlled by the number of photons. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical proposals by implementing the full quantum model of multiple scattering.
We present generation of photon-subtracted squeezed state at 860nm, from continuous-wave squeezed vacua generated with a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 crystal as a nonlinear medium of a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator. We observe various kinds of photon-subtracted squeezed states, including “non-Gaussian” states similar to the single-photon state and superposition states of coherent states, simply by changing the pump power. Nonclassicality of the generated states clearly emerges as its negative region around the origin of the phase-space distributions, i. e., the Wigner functions. We obtain the value,-0.083 at the origin of the Wigner function, which is largest ever observed without any correction for experimental imperfections.
The generation of nonclassical states of light in optical fibers with a spatial beating of the energy for traveling modes is considered. The effects of quantum squeezing and correlation of photons for two types of optical fibers, i.e. for tunnelly-coupled (dual-core) and for spatially nonhomogeneous fibers, are studied. It is shown that in the field of ordinary CW He-Ne laser at intensity of 100 W/cm2 the suppression of quantum (vacuum) fluctuations of one of the field quadrature components may obtain of a value about ten percent. The possibilities of experimental realization both of suggested scheme for the squeezed states generation and of carrying out of quantum non-demolition measurement are discussed.