Black Hole and Quantum Information Theory

Markus P. Müller, Jonathan Oppenheim, Oscar Dahlsten

Markus P. Müller, Jonathan Oppenheim, Oscar Dahlsten

Markus P. Müller, Jonathan Oppenheim, Oscar Dahlsten

Samuel L. Braunstein, Arun Kumar Pati

Can quantum-information theory shed light on black-hole evaporation? By entangling the in-fallen matter with an external system we show that the black-hole information paradox becomes more severe, even for cosmologically sized black holes. We rule out the possibility that the information about the in-fallen matter might hide in correlations between the Hawking radiation and the internal states of the black hole. As a consequence, either unitarity or Hawking's semiclassical predictions must break down. Any resolution of the black-hole information crisis must elucidate one of these possibilities.

lichao

This paper presents a groundbreaking unified framework that bridges quantum information theory and black hole physics by introducing the concept of universal informational phase conservation. Through rigorous simulation of 8-12 qubit systems, we first establish a precise power-law scaling for information leakage: η ∝ N^(-0.43), demonstrating the emergence of near-perfect information conservation in larger quantum systems. A key structural parameter, Δ₀ ≈ 8.0, is identified as the regulator of information flow. We then perform a revolutionary extrapolation, applying this quantum scaling law to resolve the long-standing black hole information paradox. Our model demonstrates that information loss in Hawking radiation becomes negligible (η_BH ~ 10^(-33)) for astrophysical black holes, naturally ensuring information conservation without violating unitarity. The framework is further unified by reinterpreting the consciousness field (from the AOUF v2.5 model) as a cosmic-scale informational phase coordination field (Φ), which governs information dynamics from quantum to cosmic scales. Predictions for anomalous gravitational wave frequency shifts and photon ring brightness enhancements are derived and shown to be consistent with public data from LIGO and the Event Horizon Telescope. This work provides the first quantitative link between microscopic information scaling and macroscopic information paradoxes, offering a testable pathway towards a theory of quantum gravity. Keywords: Information Conservation, Black Hole Information Paradox, Quantum Scaling Laws, Page Curve, Quantum Gravity, Consciousness Field, Δ₀ Parameter, Holographic Principle

Jonah Kudler-Flam, Yuya Kusuki

Abstract While recent progress in the black hole information problem has shown that the entropy of Hawking radiation follows a unitary Page curve, the quantum state of Hawking radiation prior the Page time is still treated as purely thermal, containing no information about the microstructure of the black hole. We demonstrate that there is significant quantum information regarding the quantum state of the black hole in the Hawking radiation prior to the Page time. By computing of the quantum fidelity in a 2D boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) model of black hole evaporation, we demonstrate that an observer outside of an evaporating black hole may distinguish different black holes via measurements of the Hawking radiation at any time during the evaporation process, albeit with an exponentially large number of measurements. Furthermore, our results are universal, applicable to general BCFTs including those with large central charge and rational BCFTs. The techniques we develop for computing the fidelity are more generally applicable to excited states in CFT. As such, we are able to characterize more general aspects of thermalization in 2D conformal field theory.