Quantum mechanics was the foundation for physics in the 20th century and its mysterious world has presented various unique effects beyond human understanding. In particular, Aspect’s experiment and Bell’s inequality suggest a non-local interaction causing wave packet reduction, and are regarded as evidence for quantum mechanics’ validity. This short paper reconsiders the electric field of entangled light and Aspect’s experiment in terms of classical theory and shows that the experimental results can be explained equally as well.
Quantum mechanics was the foundation for physics in the 20th century and its mysterious world has presented various unique effects beyond human understanding. In particular, Aspect’s experiment and Bell’s inequality suggest a non-local interaction causing wave packet reduction, and are regarded as evidence for quantum mechanics’ validity. This short paper reconsiders the electric field of entangled light and Aspect’s experiment in terms of classical theory and shows that the experimental results can be explained equally as well.
Quantum mechanics has continually challenged our understanding of reality. Throughoutits history, pivotal experiments have forced physicists to reconsider and refine how we inter-pret the theory’s mathematical formalism. This review surveys a series of landmark quantumexperiments from the early 20th century to the present day, examining how each experimentaltered the landscape of quantum interpretations. Beginning with the foundational phenomenathat necessitated the quantum hypothesis, we move through classic tests of wave-particle du-ality and the role of observation. We then explore the profound implications of entanglementvia Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations and Bell’s theorem, along with the experiments thatultimately confirmed quantum nonlocality. Further, we discuss delayed-choice and quantumeraser experiments that probe the interplay of measurement and reality, multi-particle interfer-ence tests that go beyond Bell’s inequalities, and increasingly ambitious e!orts to push quantumphenomena to macroscopic scales. By analyzing these experiments and the theoretical debatessurrounding them, we illustrate how experimental evidence has driven the evolution of inter-pretations of quantum mechanics. In doing so, we highlight the ongoing dialogue betweenexperimental insight and philosophical interpretation in quantum physics.
Many experiments to verify nonlocal interaction and non-classical phenomena using entangled lights were conducted in the 1980s, and many physicists were interested in their unrecognizable correlation. These quantum mechanical effects were used in Aspect's experiments and Bell tests and had a great influence on the interpretation of quantum mechanics. However, their essence, including their “spooky” interaction, is unknown. In this study, we show that entangled light can be expressed by the product of electric fields and that the same result as quantum mechanics can be obtained using the product form.
Many experiments to verify nonlocal interaction and non-classical phenomena using entangled lights were conducted in the 1980s, and many physicists were interested in their unrecognizable correlation. These quantum mechanical effects were used in Aspect's experiments and Bell tests and had a great influence on the interpretation of quantum mechanics. However, their essence, including their "spooky" interaction, is unknown. In this study, we show that entangled light can be expressed by the product of electric fields and that the same result as quantum mechanics can be obtained using the product form.
Since John Bell has established his famous inequality and several independent experiments have confirmed the distinct polarization correlation of entangled photons predicted by quantum mechanics it is evident that quantum mechanics cannot be explained by local realistic theories. Actually, the observed polarization correlation can be deduced from wave optical considerations. The correlation has its origin in the phase coupling of the two circularly polarized wave packets leaving the photon source simultaneously. The experimental results violate Bell's inequality although no non-local interactions have to be assumed. In consequence the principle of locality remains valid in the scope of quantum mechanics. However, the principle of realism has to be replaced by the less stringent principle of contextuality.
A particle is described as a non-spreading wave packet satisfying a linear equation within the framework of special relativity. Young's and other interference experiments are explained with a hypothesis that there is a coupling interaction between the peaked and non-peaked pieces of the wave packet. This explanation of the interference experiments provides a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. The interpretation implies that there is physical reality of particles and no wave function collapse. It also implies that neither classical mechanics nor current quantum mechanics is a complete theory for describing physical reality and the Bell inequalities are not the proper touchstones for reality and locality. The problems of the boundary between the macro-world and micro-world and the de-coherence in the transition region (meso-world) between the two are discussed. The present interpretation of quantum mechanics is consistent with the physical aspects of the Copenhagen interpretation, such as, the superposition principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Born's probability interpretation, but does not favor its philosophical aspects, such as, non-reality, non-objectivity, non-causality and the complementary principle.
The mainstream interpretation of quantum entanglement and its derivative phenomena has long relied on concepts such as non-locality and superposition, leading to a lack of dynamical mechanism description for wave function collapse and creating profound conflicts with physical causality. This paper, based on the "Great Tao Model" and its "Existence Field Theory," proposes a systematic and unified interpretation of quantum entanglement phenomena, exemplified by the experiments recognized by the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics. First, it analyzes the erroneous presuppositions in the derivation of Bell's inequality based on Existence Field Theory and establishes a general classical interpretation framework grounded in "static initial correlations" and "local interactions." Subsequently, through a classical physical reconstruction of milestone experiments such as Aspect's, it demonstrates that this framework is sufficient to explain all observed phenomena self-consistently, without introducing "non-local superluminal action." Building on this, the paper successfully extends this interpretative framework to core quantum phenomena such as quantum decoherence, teleportation, and many-body entanglement, revealing that they also originate from classical conservation law constraints and local field interactions. Furthermore, this paper compares the Great Tao Model with hidden variable theories, finding that although both belong to the classical realism camp and oppose non-locality, the Great Tao Model requires no introduction of any hidden variables. Instead, it explains phenomena directly based on the specific physical properties (charge, mass) of elementary particles and the local dynamics of their existence fields, thus providing a more physically realistic and unified theoretical framework. This study offers a unified, causality-compliant classical explanation for a series of quantum phenomena claimed to exhibit "non-locality," fundamentally challenging the conceptual foundation of related quantum information technologies and providing a new path for physics to return to a theoretical paradigm based on realism, locality, and clear dynamical mechanisms.