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Journal of Optics

Slow and fast light in photorefractive SBN:60

Wolfgang Horn, Jan v Bassewitz, Cornelia Denz

Published Sep 24, 2010• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate slow and fast light at room temperature by dispersive phase-coupling in a photorefractive SBN:60 crystal. Non-degenerated wave-mixing is used to obtain delayed and amplified pulses with reduced or increased group velocity of vg = 0. 2c m s −1 and vg =− 1. 3c m s −1 , respectively. The gain spectrum is modulated by using multiple frequency shifted pumps simultaneously. The complete dispersion of the spectrum is determined via the phase modulation technique. We compare the experimental results to numerical simulations based on coupled-wave equations.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8978/12/10/104011

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Chinese Physics Letters•Sep 24, 2003•14 citations
We demonstrate slow and fast light at room temperature by dispersive phase-coupling in a photorefractive SBN:60 crystal. Non-degenerated wave-mixing is used to obtain delayed and amplified pulses with reduced or increased group velocity of vg = 0. 2c m s −1 and vg =− 1. 3c m s −1 , respectively. The gain spectrum is modulated by using multiple frequency shifted pumps simultaneously. The complete dispersion of the spectrum is determined via the phase modulation technique. We compare the experimental results to numerical simulations based on coupled-wave equations.
Slow and fast light are achieved in two experiments using SPS photorefractive crystal at room temperature. We report that the photorefractive gain achieved by the two wave mixing (TWM) method can control the group velocity of the transmitted light pulses at visible wavelength. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the time delay and the shape of the output pulse change as a function of the photorefractive gain. The beam fanning has also been used to control the velocity propagation of a single light pulse in the same crystal at λ = 1064 nm. Depending on the orientation of the polar axis, it is possible to accelerate or decelerate a short pulse with duration of order of μs in the crystal.
We show that the group velocities of light pulses can be decelerated dramatically by the use of a dispersive phase-coupling effect through a wave mixing process. We have observed experimentally such a phase-coupling-induced ultraslow light propagation with a group velocity as low as 0.05  m/s0.05\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}0.05  m/s in a photorefractive Bi12SiO20{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}}_{12}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{20}Bi12​SiO20​ crystal at room temperature. Moreover, the ultraslow light is amplified in the Bi12SiO20{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}}_{12}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{20}Bi12​SiO20​ crystal because of the unidirectional energy transfer from a coupling beam to the ultraslow light. This technique to produce ultraslow light propagation is valid for all nonlinear wave mixing processes with a dispersive phase-coupling effect.
Slowing down of light pulses to ∼1.9 mm/s has been obtained theoretically in SBN:75 via degenerate two-wave mixing (TWM) configuration. The optical delay has been tuned by varying the input pulse width & beam crossing angle. At the optimum beam crossing angle (2θ ∼ 10◦), very high TWM gain ∼107 has been achieved. Maximum fractional delay (FD) of 1.04 and 0.20 is obtained for 150 ms pulse in case of SBN:75 and SBN:60 respectively. Further, the optical delay, group velocity, FWHM, pulse broadening and amplification in case of SBN:75 is compared with SBN:60. SBN:75 showed minimal pulse broadening, large amplification (∼105), five times more FD and two degrees of higher optical delay than that of SBN:60.
The ability to delay short light pulses is a promising solution for all-optical telecommunications, but suffers from a large distortion of the delayed pulse as a consequence of the high material dispersion. In this Letter, we demonstrate the possibility to all-optically control the group delay in a photorefractive (PR) crystal by the use of the two-wave mixing (TWM) effect in the pulse regime at room temperature. Most importantly, we show that a proper choice of the pump pulse width in the TWM process enables us to slow down shorter or longer signal pulses without distortion. The technique is demonstrated both at visible (638 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) wavelengths and for slowed-down pulses with durations ranging from 10 ns up to 30 ms, hence confirming its broad applicability.
We show theoretically that the group velocity of light pulses can be reduced significantly by use of the steep dispersion properties of the phase coupling effect in the photorefractive two-wave mixing process. The group velocity of light pulses of the order of 0.1 m/s can be achieved in typical photorefractive BSO crystals with an appropriate externally applied electric field and moving gratings of appropriate speeds. It is also shown that the slowly propagating light pulses can be set to be amplified after passing through the photorefractive material.