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Periodic suppression and enhancement of spontaneous two-photon emission via interference

Dong-Gil Im, Yosep Kim, Yoon-Ho Kim

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The efficiency of a spontaneous parametric down-conversion process can be modified by boundary conditions which can be determined by the characteristics of a pump. We demonstrate that an effective boundary condition can be introduced to spontaneous two-photon emission by making use of a continuous-wave multi-mode pump. This effect results in periodic suppression and enhancement of spontaneous two-photon emission via interference over the pump coherence length.

DOI
10.1364/cleopr.2018.th3h.2

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The efficiency of a spontaneous parametric down-conversion process can be modified by boundary conditions which can be determined by the characteristics of a pump. We demonstrate that an effective boundary condition can be introduced to spontaneous two-photon emission by making use of a continuous-wave multi-mode pump. This effect results in periodic suppression and enhancement of spontaneous two-photon emission via interference over the pump coherence length.
It has been known that suitably placed external mirrors can enhance and suppress emission of entangled photon pairs in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), known as frustrated two-photon creation via interference. In this work, we report periodic revival of frustrated two-photon creation via interference with SPDC pumped by a continuous-wave (cw) multi-mode laser. As the mirrors are translated relative to the position of the SPDC source, the effect of frustrated two-photon creation via interference gradually dies off. However, as the mirrors are translated even further, the effect of frustrated two-photon creation via interference re-appears periodically. Our theoretical and numerical analyses show that this revival phenomenon is due to the nature of cw multi-mode pump laser. This work clearly demonstrates how the properties of the pump laser, in addition to suitably placed external mirrors, can be used to modify the process of spontaneous two-photon emission.
The cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion far below threshold can be used to generate a narrow-band photon pair efficiently. Previous experiments on the cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion almost always utilize continuous wave pump light, but the pulse pumped case is rarely reported. One disadvantage of the continuous wave case is that the photon pair is produced randomly within the coherence time of the pump, which limits its application in the quantum information realm. However, a pulse pump can help to solve this problem. In this paper, we theoretically analyze pulse pumped cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion in detail and show how the pump pulse affects the multi-photon interference visibility, two-photon waveform, joint spectrum and spectral brightness.
Coherence properties of the photon pair generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion pumped by a multi-mode cw diode laser are studied with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Each photon of the pair enters a different input port of the interferometer and the biphoton coherence properties are studied with a two-photon detector placed at one output port. When the photon pair simultaneously enters the interferometer, periodic recurrence of the biphoton de Broglie wave packet is observed, closely resembling the coherence properties of the pump diode laser. With non-zero delays between the photons at the input ports, biphoton interference exhibits the same periodic recurrence but the wave packet shapes are shown to be dependent on both the input delay as well as the interferometer delay. These properties could be useful for building engineered entangled photon sources based on diode laser-pumped spontaneous parametric down-conversion.
We have used the transverse correlated properties of the entangled photon pairs generated in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, which is pumped by a femtosecond pulse laser, to perform Young's interference experiment. Unlike the case of a continuous wave laser pump, a broadband pulse laser pump can submerge an interference pattern. In order to obtain a high visibility interference pattern, we used a lens with a tunable focal length and two interference filters to eliminate the effects of the broadband pump laser. It is proven that the process of two-photon direct interference is a post-selection process.