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Chinese Physics B

Adjusting the properties of the photon generated via an optical parametric oscillator by using a pulse pumped laser

Song Chen, Bao‐Sen Shi, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Nov 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion far below threshold can be used to generate a narrow-band photon pair efficiently. Previous experiments on the cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion almost always utilize continuous wave pump light, but the pulse pumped case is rarely reported. One disadvantage of the continuous wave case is that the photon pair is produced randomly within the coherence time of the pump, which limits its application in the quantum information realm. However, a pulse pump can help to solve this problem. In this paper, we theoretically analyze pulse pumped cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion in detail and show how the pump pulse affects the multi-photon interference visibility, two-photon waveform, joint spectrum and spectral brightness.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/20/11/114206

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The cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion far below threshold can be used to generate a narrow-band photon pair efficiently. Previous experiments on the cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion almost always utilize continuous wave pump light, but the pulse pumped case is rarely reported. One disadvantage of the continuous wave case is that the photon pair is produced randomly within the coherence time of the pump, which limits its application in the quantum information realm. However, a pulse pump can help to solve this problem. In this paper, we theoretically analyze pulse pumped cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion in detail and show how the pump pulse affects the multi-photon interference visibility, two-photon waveform, joint spectrum and spectral brightness.
Cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) can be used to implement heralded single-photon sources with narrow bandwidth down to tens of megahertz, thus compatible with atom-based quantum memories. In this work, we propose and study the cavities that are either singly resonant at the frequency of only one of the generated photons or doubly resonant at the frequency of one generated photon and for the pump field. We derive analytical expressions for the generation rate and the spectral brightness as a function of the main structure parameters. Our analysis shows that by exploiting counterpropagating SPDC inside a cavity with properly designed distributed Bragg reflectors, pure narrow-band heralded single photons can be generated. In particular, when a pulsed pump illuminates a 1-mm-long singly resonant cavity, the bandwidth of the resonant and the nonresonant photons will be 120 MHz and 5.7 GHz, respectively, with heralded single-photon purity as high as 0.993. Due to its small absorption probability inside the cavity, the heralding efficiency can approach unity if the nonresonant partner is used as a heralded single photon. Finally, we also show that continuous-wave excitation of a 1-cm-long cavity resonant for the pump and copropagating fields can provide photon pairs in a narrow bandwidth of 10 MHz with spectral brightness as high as $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $({\text{s}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{mW}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{MHz})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This source can efficiently couple with quantum memories and can find applications in quantum information processing and communication.
We have used the transverse correlated properties of the entangled photon pairs generated in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, which is pumped by a femtosecond pulse laser, to perform Young's interference experiment. Unlike the case of a continuous wave laser pump, a broadband pulse laser pump can submerge an interference pattern. In order to obtain a high visibility interference pattern, we used a lens with a tunable focal length and two interference filters to eliminate the effects of the broadband pump laser. It is proven that the process of two-photon direct interference is a post-selection process.
Heralded single-photon sources are the most commonly used sources for optical quantum technology applications. There is strong demand for accurate prediction of their spectral features and temporal correlations with ever-increasing precision. This is particularly important in connection with the intrinsically stochastic photon-pair generation process in heralded sources. Here we present a complete theoretical description of the temporal correlation of a signal-idler, signal-signal, and signal-signal-idler coincidences of photons generated by continuous-wave pumped cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The theory excellently predicts the measurements, which has been experimentally confirmed in our setup utilizing single-photon detectors with high temporal resolution. This enables us to resolve and analyze the multiphoton correlation functions in great detail.
Theory and experiment of two-photon lquotlquotlquotdirectrquotrquotrquot interference for type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion with an ultrafast pulse laser pump
Fourth-order spatial interference of entangled photon pairs generated in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion pumped by a femtosecond pulse laser has been performed for the first time. In theory, it takes into account the transverse correlation between the two photons and is used to calculate the dependence of the visibility of the interference pattern obtained in Young’s double-slit experiment. In this experiment, a short focal length lens and two narrow band interference filters were adopted to eliminate the effects of the broadband pump laser and improve the visibility of the interference pattern under the condition of nearly collinear light and degenerate phase matching.
This paper presents a theoretical study of the enhancement of Zou-Wang-Mandel (ZWM) interferometry through cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) processes producing frequency-entangled biphotons. The ZWM interferometry shows the capability to generate interference effects between single signal photons via indistinguishability between the entangled idler photons. This paper extends the foundational principles of ZWM interferometry by integrating cavity-enhanced SPDCs, aiming to narrow photon bandwidths for improved coherence and photon pair generation efficiency, which is critical for applications in quantum information technologies, quantum encryption, and quantum imaging. This work explores the theoretical implication of employing singly resonant optical parametric oscillators within the ZWM interferometer to produce narrow-band single photons. By combining cavity-enhanced SPDCs with ZWM interferometry, this study fills a gap in current theoretical proposals, offering significant advancements in quantum cryptography and network applications that require reliable, narrow-band single photons.
We have used the transverse correlated properties of the entangled photon pairs generated in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion,which is pumped by a femtosecond pulse laser,to perform Young's interference experiment.Unlike the case of a continuous wave laser pump,a broadband pulse laser pump can submerge an interference pattern.In order to obtain a high visibility interference pattern,we used a lens with a tunable focal length and two interference filters to eliminate the effects of the broadband pump laser.It is proven that the process of two-photon direct interference is a post-selection process.