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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Generalized Schrödinger equations with energy-dependent potentials: Formalism and applications

Axel Schulze‐Halberg, Özlem Yeşiltaş

Published Nov 1, 2018• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum mechanical formalism for systems featuring energy-dependent potentials is extended to systems governed by generalized Schrödinger equations that include the position-dependent mass case. Modified versions of the probability density and the probability current lead to adjustments in the scalar product and the norm. Our results are applied to several systems, including energy-dependent modifications of the Mathews-Lakshmanan oscillator and the generalized Swanson system.

DOI
10.1063/1.5058145

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The quantum mechanical formalism for systems featuring energy-dependent potentials is extended to systems governed by generalized Schrödinger equations that include the position-dependent mass case. Modified versions of the probability density and the probability current lead to adjustments in the scalar product and the norm. Our results are applied to several systems, including energy-dependent modifications of the Mathews-Lakshmanan oscillator and the generalized Swanson system.
Position-dependent mass (PDM) systems have diverse applications in physics, attracting significant scientific interest in the last decades. Classical PDM systems pose analytical challenges with their nonlinear equations of motion, while the quantum case is complicated because the kinetic operator is non-Hermitian. To address these challenges, this study explores Hamiltonian factorization and canonical transformations to investigate classical and quantum PDM systems, applying it to a Mathews-Lakshmanan-type oscillator with m⁢(x)=1/[1+(λ⁢x)2]. Classically, the phase space is examined, revealing increasingly pronounced deformities in the trajectories as energy and λ values increase. In the quantum realm, the solution to the ambiguous ordering problem for the PDM oscillator is presented, accompanied by an analysis of wave functions and probability densities. Further, the tunneling probabilities are analyzed. As λ increases, findings indicate that the tunneling probabilities of the PDM system decrease fast for higher excited states, offering novel insights into its behavior.
Considering the position-dependent effective mass in the study of quantum mechanical systems, a wide range of solvable potentials has been obtained. These potentials are obtained by applying canonical transformations to the Schrödinger equation. In this method, the internal functions introduced by Levai for solvable potentials with constant mass have been used, and the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues have been fully obtained. The eigenfunction of these solvable potentials can be obtained based on specific known functions (Jacobian, generalized Laguerre, and Hermit polynomials). Some of these potentials are Scarf-II, Pöschl-Teller, Rosen-Mörse-II and Eckart, whose applications have been described in physical systems. Finally, all the results are placed in a table and the figures of the desired functions is drawn for specific values