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Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference

Quantum Enhanced Sensing with Squeezed Light

Alberto M. Marino

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the use of quantum states of light generated with an atomic system to enhance the sensitivity of plasmonic sensors. We show a quantum-based sensitivity enhancement of 56% with transmission-based measurements and analyze the use of phase-based measurements for further enhancements.
DOI
10.1364/laop.2018.tu3e.3

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Quantum states of light allow for highly sensitive biosensing configurations, surpassing the limitations imposed by shot-noise. In this theoretical study, we focus on optical plasmonic sensors, which have extensive applications in disease diagnostics, including detection of diseases like HIV. Our investigation involves simulating the impact of quantum states of light, such as the NOON state and squeezed states, on enhancing the limit of detection in a plasmonic phase-sensing biosensor, surpassing coherent light states’ shot-noise limit. Specifically, we explore the use of quantum states to improve the limit of detection in phase-based biosensors for HIV detection, operating below the shot-noise limit. Through our analysis, we demonstrate that incorporating quantum states of light in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing leads to enhanced performance compared to classical states. Moreover, we take into account the impact of environmental losses in the biosensing setup, considering the real-world challenges in practical implementation. Our findings emphasize the potential of quantum SPR biosensors in the development of novel disease diagnostics devices.
In the field of optics and photonics, plasmonic sensors have garnered considerable interest due to their outstanding sensitivity and impressive capacity to control light at the nanoscale. These sensors enable the integration of biochemical sensing platforms by exploiting the combination of enhanced and localized electromagnetic fields at the metal–dielectric interface, and they operate effectively below the diffraction limit. The performance of conventional plasmonic sensors, despite their practical development and commercial success, remains inherently constrained by classical noise constraints, owing to the quantum fluctuations of light, known as the shot-noise limit. Recent advances have introduced quantum optical resources such as entangled and squeezed light states to overcome inherent classical restrictions, thus giving rise to the quantum plasmonic sensing field. This interdisciplinary field combines the ability to enhance electric field capabilities with the precision of quantum metrology, enabling ultrasensitive chemical and biological detection that surpasses classical precision thresholds. In the last decades, theoretical models and experimental demonstrations have greatly advanced the development of quantum plasmonic sensors, improving our comprehension of quantum light–matter interactions and facilitating novel nanoscale sensing designs. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, latest developments, and major concepts that have driven progress in quantum plasmonic sensing and shows that quantum components are being integrated into plasmonic systems, thereby transforming optical sensing to the quantum level.