© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

Journal of Lightwave Technology

All-Optical Multi-Level Phase Quantization Based on Phase-Sensitive Amplification With Low-Order Harmonics

Hongxiang Wang, Limeng Pan, Feifei Lu, Ganapathy Senthil Murugan, Yongmei Sun, Yuefeng Ji

Published Nov 7, 2018• 8 citations

Abstract

A novel scheme is proposed for all-optical multilevel phase quantization by mixing two lower-order harmonics, rather than mixing the signal with its conjugate (M - 1)th harmonic, which is difficult to be generated but necessary for the traditional quantization method. The low-order harmonics used in the proposed scheme are determined as the conjugate (M/2 - 1)th and the (M/2 + 1)th harmonics for M = 4n, or the conjugate (M/2 - 2)th and the (M/2 + 2)th harmonics for M = 4n + 2, or the conjugate [(M - 1)/2]th and the [(M + 1)/2]th harmonics for M = 2n + 1, n = 1, 2, 3 . . .. The simulations show the effectiveness of the scheme for the eightand nine-level all-optical phase quantization. Furthermore, the application of the scheme to the all-optical phase regeneration is validated. An improved method with two cascading stages is also proposed and validated to achieve a monotonic step-like phase- phase transfer characteristic for the optimized all-optical phase quantization. This proposed scheme provides a new way for multilevel phase quantization and multi-level phase shift keying regeneration to meet the ever increasing demand for the bandwidth in fiber-optic communication.

DOI: 10.1109/jlt.2018.2879922

Related papers

All-Optical Phase Quantization with High Accuracy Based on a Multiwave Interference Phase Sensitive Amplifier

Hongxiang Wang, Chaojie He, Gen Li +1 more

A scheme of all-optical multilevel phase quantization with high accuracy based on multiwave interference is proposed. The influences of the amplitude ratios of the conjugate (N - 1)th and (N + 1)th harmonics to the signal on phase quantization accuracy are researched. The characteristics of the phase quantization output with the amplitude ratios variation are discovered. By using the proposed scheme, the output phase is more concentrated than that of the traditional method for multilevel phase quantization. The simulations show the effectiveness of the scheme for the three levels quantization and the application of four levels quantization to the quadrature phase shift keying signal regeneration.

IEEE photonics journal•May 15, 2017•7 citations

Multi-channel phase regeneration of QPSK signals based on phase sensitive amplification

Hongxiang Wang, Tiantian Luo, Yuefeng Ji

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate simultaneous phase regeneration of four different channels of QPSK signal based on phase sensitive amplification. The configuration can be divided into two parts. The first one uses four wave mixing in high nonlinear fiber (HNLF) to generate the corresponding three harmonic conjugates precisely at the frequency of the original signals. The other one uses optical combiner to realize coherent addition which is aimed at completely removing the interaction in phase regeneration stage. The simulation results suggest that this scheme can optimize signal constellation to a large extend especially in high noise environment. Besides, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) can improve more than 3 dB while the bit-error-rate (BER) reaches 10 –3 with a constant white noise and 15° phase noise.

Frontiers of Optoelectronics•Apr 6, 2018•6 citations

Phase regeneration of phase encoded signals by hybrid optical phase squeezer

Takayuki Kurosu, Mingyi Gao, Karen Solis-Trapala +1 more

We present a new method to perform phase regeneration of phase encoded signals. In our concept called "hybrid optical phase squeezer (HOPS)," a multilevel phase-quantized signal is synthesized through the coherent addition of a phase-conjugate copy of the signal and a phase harmonic of the signal with a frequency shifter. Unlike the conventional method by phase sensitive amplification, HOPS does not use any optical parametric gain such that only optical elements with low optical nonlinearity are necessary for optical phase quantization. In the proof-of-concept experiment, it is confirmed that a 2-level HOPS can perform quadrature squeezing with an extinction ratio of 40 dB. Simultaneous phase regeneration of two coherent wavelength-division-multiplexed 10.75-Gb/s binary phase-shift keyed signals is successfully demonstrated using a 2-level HOPS based on a semiconductor optical amplifier.

Optics Express•May 13, 2014•19 citations

Analytical Solution of Amplitude Ratio in Optical Phase Quantization Based on Phase Sensitive Amplification

Hongxiang Wang, Tong Liu, Kunrui Tong +2 more

A detailed derivation is presented for the analytical solution of the optimal amplitude ratio m between the signal and its harmonic for M-level optical phase quantization of a signal with uniform phase distribution based on the phase sensitive amplification. A new method is proposed to evaluate the performance of phase quantization by calculating the first-order absolute central moment of the phase of the quantized signals. The constellations and phase distribution histograms with different amplitude ratios are simulated, and the first-order absolute central movement is calculated to validate the analytical solution of the optimal amplitude ratio. We also obtain the optimal amplitude ratio m for phase regeneration of signals with Gaussian phase noise based on the dual-wave interference, as well as the amplitude ratios (m, n) of three-level optical phase quantization based on the triple-wave interference, and we prove the accuracy improvement of phase quantization based on the triple-wave interference through calculation. The constellations, as well as the phase distribution histograms of the triple-wave interference are simulated, and the first-order absolute central moment is calculated to prove the accuracy improvement.

Journal of Lightwave Technology•Jan 1, 2018•5 citations

Optical Phase Quantizer Based on Phase Sensitive Four Wave Mixing at Low Nonlinear Phase Shifts

Francesca R. Parmigiani, Graham Hesketh, Radan Slavı́k +3 more

We propose and demonstrate a new phase-sensitive (PS) scheme based on four-wave mixing followed by a polarizer to achieve an ideal binary step-like phase transfer function at nonlinear phase shifts as low as 0.3 rad by significantly increasing the parametric deamplification component. PS operation is obtained by polarization mixing the phase-locked and orthogonally polarized signal and idler, which is generated in a degenerate dual-pump vector parametric amplifier.

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•Aug 18, 2014•23 citations

All-Optical Processing of Multi-level Phase Shift Keyed Signals

Joseph Kakande, Radan Slavı́k, Francesca R. Parmigiani +2 more

A technique that allows the all-optical quantization of M-PSK signals using a parametric mixing process is discussed, including recent experimental demonstrations of high baud rate QPSK regeneration, and issues regarding future scalability of the scheme.

Optical Fiber Communication Conference•Jan 1, 2012•15 citations

A novel scheme is proposed for all-optical multilevel phase quantization by mixing two lower-order harmonics, rather than mixing the signal with its conjugate (M - 1)th harmonic, which is difficult to be generated but necessary for the traditional quantization method. The low-order harmonics used in the proposed scheme are determined as the conjugate (M/2 - 1)th and the (M/2 + 1)th harmonics for M = 4n, or the conjugate (M/2 - 2)th and the (M/2 + 2)th harmonics for M = 4n + 2, or the conjugate [(M - 1)/2]th and the [(M + 1)/2]th harmonics for M = 2n + 1, n = 1, 2, 3 . . .. The simulations show the effectiveness of the scheme for the eightand nine-level all-optical phase quantization. Furthermore, the application of the scheme to the all-optical phase regeneration is validated. An improved method with two cascading stages is also proposed and validated to achieve a monotonic step-like phase- phase transfer characteristic for the optimized all-optical phase quantization. This proposed scheme provides a new way for multilevel phase quantization and multi-level phase shift keying regeneration to meet the ever increasing demand for the bandwidth in fiber-optic communication.

A scheme of all-optical multilevel phase quantization with high accuracy based on multiwave interference is proposed. The influences of the amplitude ratios of the conjugate (N - 1)th and (N + 1)th harmonics to the signal on phase quantization accuracy are researched. The characteristics of the phase quantization output with the amplitude ratios variation are discovered. By using the proposed scheme, the output phase is more concentrated than that of the traditional method for multilevel phase quantization. The simulations show the effectiveness of the scheme for the three levels quantization and the application of four levels quantization to the quadrature phase shift keying signal regeneration.

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate simultaneous phase regeneration of four different channels of QPSK signal based on phase sensitive amplification. The configuration can be divided into two parts. The first one uses four wave mixing in high nonlinear fiber (HNLF) to generate the corresponding three harmonic conjugates precisely at the frequency of the original signals. The other one uses optical combiner to realize coherent addition which is aimed at completely removing the interaction in phase regeneration stage. The simulation results suggest that this scheme can optimize signal constellation to a large extend especially in high noise environment. Besides, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) can improve more than 3 dB while the bit-error-rate (BER) reaches 10 –3 with a constant white noise and 15° phase noise.

We present a new method to perform phase regeneration of phase encoded signals. In our concept called "hybrid optical phase squeezer (HOPS)," a multilevel phase-quantized signal is synthesized through the coherent addition of a phase-conjugate copy of the signal and a phase harmonic of the signal with a frequency shifter. Unlike the conventional method by phase sensitive amplification, HOPS does not use any optical parametric gain such that only optical elements with low optical nonlinearity are necessary for optical phase quantization. In the proof-of-concept experiment, it is confirmed that a 2-level HOPS can perform quadrature squeezing with an extinction ratio of 40 dB. Simultaneous phase regeneration of two coherent wavelength-division-multiplexed 10.75-Gb/s binary phase-shift keyed signals is successfully demonstrated using a 2-level HOPS based on a semiconductor optical amplifier.

A detailed derivation is presented for the analytical solution of the optimal amplitude ratio m between the signal and its harmonic for M-level optical phase quantization of a signal with uniform phase distribution based on the phase sensitive amplification. A new method is proposed to evaluate the performance of phase quantization by calculating the first-order absolute central moment of the phase of the quantized signals. The constellations and phase distribution histograms with different amplitude ratios are simulated, and the first-order absolute central movement is calculated to validate the analytical solution of the optimal amplitude ratio. We also obtain the optimal amplitude ratio m for phase regeneration of signals with Gaussian phase noise based on the dual-wave interference, as well as the amplitude ratios (m, n) of three-level optical phase quantization based on the triple-wave interference, and we prove the accuracy improvement of phase quantization based on the triple-wave interference through calculation. The constellations, as well as the phase distribution histograms of the triple-wave interference are simulated, and the first-order absolute central moment is calculated to prove the accuracy improvement.