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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

High-Precision Magnetic Field Vector Measurement Based on the Quantum Coherent Superposition States

Yufeng Shi, Xiaoli Zhao, Shuang Gao, Wenguan Ren, Sipei Shao, Guoqing Yang

Published Jul 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The high precision measurement of magnetic field vector based on quantum coherent superposition states due to the interaction of the atomic system with linearly polarized light and magnetic field is described. The coordinate systems are physically orthogonal, which defined by the directions of light polarization and propagation. Because the quantum beat signals resulted by the coherent superposition states are no longer affected by nonlinear Zeeman shift, the measurement has smaller systematic error. The method is suitable for the measurements of vector fields such as the Earth's magnetic field.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.2018.8501244

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The high precision measurement of magnetic field vector based on quantum coherent superposition states due to the interaction of the atomic system with linearly polarized light and magnetic field is described. The coordinate systems are physically orthogonal, which defined by the directions of light polarization and propagation. Because the quantum beat signals resulted by the coherent superposition states are no longer affected by nonlinear Zeeman shift, the measurement has smaller systematic error. The method is suitable for the measurements of vector fields such as the Earth's magnetic field.
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The authors report on their investigations on nonlinear Faraday effect (NFE), i.e. light-intensity dependent rotation of the polarization plane of linearly polarized light upon its propagation through a medium placed in a magnetic field. The phenomenon is associated with quantum superpositions of atomic or molecular levels of particles constituting the medium. In this context it is based on the same grounds as electromagnetically induced transparency, coherent population trapping, storage and retrieval of light pulse from a medium. The paper also discusses the mechanisms of generation and detection of the superpositions with light and means of controllable tailoring of a quantum state in long-living (lifetimes >10 ms) atomic state.
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We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field along orthogonal axes and subsequent demodulation of the magnetic-resonance frequency. This modulation is provided by the AC Stark shift induced by circularly polarized laser beams. The sensor exhibits a demonstrated rms noise floor of 50 fT/ √ Hz in measurement of the field magnitude and 0.5 mrad/ √ Hz in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to 12 fT/ √ Hz and 5 μrad/ √ Hz, respectively. Applications for a precise all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron.