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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Low-Noise Measurement Setup for Single-Electron Pumps

Christian Krause, D. Drung, Martin Götz, Hansjorg Scherer

Published Jul 1, 2018• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Single-electron pumps (SEPs) applied as quantum current sources are a fundamental part of a future quantum triangle experiment. To characterize an SEP in a reasonably short time, a low-noise setup is needed. We present an improved measurement setup tailored for current measurements on SEP, characterized by a low-noise wiring and a new variant of the ultrastable low-noise current amplier (ULCA). The evaluation shows that the setup is suitable for measuring a 100 pA current with a relative uncertainty of 0.1 μA/A within about 14 hours.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.2018.8501037

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Single-electron pumps (SEPs) applied as quantum current sources are a fundamental part of a future quantum triangle experiment. To characterize an SEP in a reasonably short time, a low-noise setup is needed. We present an improved measurement setup tailored for current measurements on SEP, characterized by a low-noise wiring and a new variant of the ultrastable low-noise current amplier (ULCA). The evaluation shows that the setup is suitable for measuring a 100 pA current with a relative uncertainty of 0.1 μA/A within about 14 hours.
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To suitably perform quantum-metrology-triangle (QMT) measurements, it is required to conduct precise measurement of the difference between two voltage values-one generated from a Josephson voltage standard device, and the other derived from voltage drop in a quantum Hall resistance array device with a current applied using a single-electron pump device. During the measurement of this difference voltage, gain errors in digital voltmeters could be a source of uncertainty. Thus, in this study, we propose a method to reduce the effect of the gain errors in the digital voltmeters by minimizing the magnitude of difference voltage with real-time voltage tracking and feedback for the microwave frequency applied to the Josephson voltage standard device in the QMT measurement circuit.
One major change of the future revision of the International System of Units is a new definition of the ampere based on the elementary charge e. Replacing the former definition based on Ampère's force law will allow one to fully benefit from quantum physics to realize the ampere.However, a quantum realization of the ampere from e, accurate to within 10 -8 in relative value and fulfilling traceability needs, is still missing despite the many efforts made for the development of single-electron tunneling devices.Starting again with Ohm's law, applied here in a quantum circuit combining the quantum Hall resistance and Josephson voltage standards with a superconducting cryogenic amplifier, we report on a practical and universal programmable quantum current generator.We demonstrate that currents generated in the milliampere range are accurately quantized in terms of ef J (f J is the Josephson frequency) with measurement uncertainty of 10 -8 .This new quantum current source, which is able to deliver such accurate currents down to the microampere range, can greatly improve the current measurement traceability, as demonstrated with the calibrations of digital ammeters.In addition, it opens the way to further developments in metrology and in fundamental physics, such as a quantum multimeter or new accurate comparisons to single-electron pumps.