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Journal of Modern Physics

Superluminality and Entanglement in an Electromagnetic Quantum-Relativistic Theory

Massimo Auci

Published Jan 1, 2018• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An electromagnetic theory that links quantum and relativistic phenomena in a single context is built. Wave-particle duality is the experimental proof of their common origin. In this context, Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity are two compatible synergistic theories. The developed theory shows the existence of superluminal effects that suggest an explanation to the entanglement between pairs of particles and photons.

DOI
10.4236/jmp.2018.912139

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An electromagnetic theory that links quantum and relativistic phenomena in a single context is built. Wave-particle duality is the experimental proof of their common origin. In this context, Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity are two compatible synergistic theories. The developed theory shows the existence of superluminal effects that suggest an explanation to the entanglement between pairs of particles and photons.
An explanation for superluminal phenomena based on wave-particle duality of photons is suggested. A single photon may be regarded as a wave packet, whose spatial extension is its coherence volume. As a photon propagates as a wave train in vacuum, its velocity is just the speed of light. When it tunnels through a barrier as a particle, its wave function collapses and it will travel faster than light. Superluminal motion can occur only within the coherence length and the time constrained by uncertainty principle. A massive particle cannot be superluminal during the tunneling process. So superluminality does not violate causality. As for the superluminal and negative group velocities in anomalously dispersive medium, they are merely reshaping effect of the pulse, and they will become subluminal at large distances. A couple of experiments are proposed to test the superluminal phenomena.
First, some superluminal phenomena are introduced. Next, based on the complete special relativity which includes the generalized Lorentz transformation (GLT) and superluminal in the spacelike interval, we search contradiction between the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics and strict classification of the timelike-spacelike intervals in special relativity. Third, we propose new interpretation of the duality in the double-slit experiment that is the particle-wave duality corresponds to the timelike and spacelike intervals, respectively. Such the duality is mutually exclusive and complementary. Fourth, we derive the new LT and GLT for very small space and time, and research possible unification of quantum theory and complete special relativity.
The Bridge Theory that is based on the role that the transversal component of the Pointing vector has in the localisation in the neighbourhood of a dipole of an amount of energy and momentum equal to ones of a photon of same frequency, if applied at the collision of a pair of real particles is able to describe their travel in space in agreement with the Relativistic Quantum Theory. This result suggests that Relativity and Quantum Mechanics despite their apparent incompatibility they become compatible if we assume the existence of a deepest level of reality in which is the electromagnetism to produce the quantum and relativistic effects in the matter allowing in the same context a dualism wave-particle equivalent to that hypothesized by Louis de Broglie.
How can interfering light waves transport particle characteristics? Up to now it was supposed that wave-particle duality was a quantum mechanical phenomenon which was not accessible to any classical explanation. The present article is disproving this assumption, by showing o n e single case which is entirely subject to a classical explanation: Photons in vacuum. The suggested classical explanation of wave-particle duality is simple, and it is deriving directly from special relativity: The particle characteristics are transported directly from A to B, without any intermediate of spacetime, because the interval is zero. The observed wave is a sort of placeholder in our spacetime.
An explanation of polarization entanglement is presented using Maxwells classical electromagnetic theory.Two key features are required to understand these classical origins.The first is that all waves diffract and weakly diffracting waves,with a principal direction of propagation in the laboratory frame, travel along that direction at speeds ever so slightly less than c.This allows nontrivial Lorentz transformations that can act on selected forward F waves or selected waves R traveling in the opposite direction to show that both can arise from a single zero momentum frame where all the waves are transverse to the original principal direction.Such F and R waves then both belong to a single relativistic entity where correlations between the two are unremarkable.The second feature requires the avoidance of using the Coulomb gauge.Waves, tending to plane waves in the limit of zero diffraction,can then be shown to be composed of two coupled sets of E and B fields that demonstrate the classical entanglement of F and R waves.Being derived from Maxwells equations,the theory is compatible with special relativity.This is used to account for entanglement between waves traveling at arbitrary angles from a source.In spite of a classical explanation,selection of appropriate F and R waves means entanglement is likely to remain a quantum phenomenon.
In the framework of Special Relativity and in agreement with the electromagnetic approach used to connect Quantum and Relativistic effects in Bridge Theory, a first order wave-equation able to emulate the wave-particle duality in terms of local electromagnetic interactions is proposed. The equation is able to describe the propagation of a fermion as a de Broglie's wave and simultaneously to characterise the wave in motion with a mass energy as a particle. The solution of the wave-equation proposed is compatible with the de Broglie's idea of an empty pilot wave, carrying information about the dynamical properties of a particle materialising during each local interaction with the observers.