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Sub-atomic-natural linewidth optical-pumping dips in a homogeneously broadened spectral line

Meng-Yang Li, J. S. Fu

Published Nov 1, 1985• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We observed sub-atomic-natural linewidth optical-pumping dips in a homogeneously broadened fluorescence line in Na atomic beam spectroscopy. To our knowledge this is the first observation of sub-atomic-natural linewidth dip by optical pumping. The theoretic explanation has been given out.
DOI
10.2351/1.5059596

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Several authors have recently discussed and observed optical-pumping dips in inhomogeneously broadened spectral lines. We have observed a qualitatively similar, but fundamentally distinct phenomenon: optical-pumping dips in a homogeneously broaded D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. To our knowledge this represents the first observation of homogeneous-optical-pumping dips.
The technique of optical pumping dips has been employed to generate subnatural structure in a 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ line (natural width 5.6 MHz). Structure as narrow as 1.4 MHz was observed. These experiments represent the first observation of subnatural spectral structure generated without requiring atomic coherence. Additionally, line shapes observed in these studies may be analyzed to yield transition dipole moments without requiring internal standards or an absolute calibration of fluorescence collection efficiency in the experimental apparatus.
Recent experiments have shown that optical pumping can produce line shapes with subnatural structure, and that this structure could prove to be useful for extracting oscillator strengths. A key question, however, regarding the optical-pumping technique's potential usefulness is how well it allows the determination of resonance line center. In the present paper we address this question theoretically by considering laser optical pumping and probing of an atomic beam. From the analysis (i) we find that depending on laser polarization the optical-pumping subnatural feature is either a dip or a signal enhancement, (ii) we derive the rigorously correct formula relating the dip width to the transition oscillator strength for an alkali-like atom exhibiting a homogeneous line shape, and (iii) we show that, compared to shot-noise-limited laser-induced fluorescence, the optical-pumping technique of signal enhancement is capable of a 15% improvement in the ability to find resonance line center.
We calculate the effect of light-induced forces on the fluorescence line shape of a two-level atom crossing at right angles two counterpropagating light beams of parallel linear polarizations $(\mathrm{lin}\ensuremath{\Vert}\mathrm{lin})$ in a common configuration for ultrahigh-precision optical spectroscopy. For an incident atomic beam with a narrow spread of transverse velocities the dipole force induces a redshift of the fluorescence maximum, while in the reverse case of a wide spread of transverse velocities the radiation-pressure force induces a blueshift of the saturation dip minimum. We then use our theory to explain the blueshift of the saturation line-center dip occurring for the closed transition $2{}^{3}{S}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{}^{3}{P}_{2}$ of a 4He{}^{4}\mathrm{He}4He beam. The observed shift, which is in quite good agreement with the theory, can be of the order of 1/10 of the transition natural linewidth and hence quite important for ultrahigh-precision spectroscopy measurements.