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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a spin-orbit-coupled finite-temperature cold atomic ensemble

Zhengfeng Hu, Jinming Liu, Chengpu Liu, Yuzhu Wang

Published Oct 18, 2018• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigated the electromagnetically induced transparency in spin-orbit-coupled finite-temperature cold quantum gases. We showed that spin-orbit coupling can induce an additional frequency shift in the absorption line, which can be observed nondestructively from the electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy. As an alternative method this shift can be used to detect and measure the spin-orbit coupling strength. The spin-orbit coupling can also be used as a switch to control laser light propagation in this medium.

DOI
10.1364/josab.35.002846

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We investigated the electromagnetically induced transparency in spin-orbit-coupled finite-temperature cold quantum gases. We showed that spin-orbit coupling can induce an additional frequency shift in the absorption line, which can be observed nondestructively from the electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy. As an alternative method this shift can be used to detect and measure the spin-orbit coupling strength. The spin-orbit coupling can also be used as a switch to control laser light propagation in this medium.
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We experimentally measured the relative contrast of an electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) spectrum with two cw lasers in a Λ-type system of magneto-optically trapped 87 Rb atoms, which is a perturbed cold atomic medium. The contrast depends nonlinearly on the power of the coupling beam. Experimental results showed good agreement qualitatively with the simulation results considering the trapping magnetic field gradient, which induced detuning of the coupling laser. We used a free expanding cold atomic cloud that had a temperature of (36 ± 1) µK. To observe the EIT spectrum in the non-perturbed medium, we used two pulsed lasers. We observed that the relative contrast in the unperturbed medium was three times higher than that in the perturbed medium under our experimental conditions.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
We propose a method of measuring the van der Waals interaction in an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using the method of mean-field approximation, we examine the influence of the van der Waals interaction on the EIT spectrum. It is interesting to find that the van der Waals interaction strength is proportional to frequency shift of the transmission spectrum. This can be used to probe the van der Waals interaction strength. In addition, we discuss the evolution of the van der Waals interaction by adopting the model of the cubic lattice. It is found that the total atoms blockade appears in dense gases under the condition of the strong coupling. Also, we discuss the boundary condition of the total blockade and explain the evolution of the van der Waals interaction.
With electromagnetically induced transmission (EIT), an optical field can be converted into collective atomic excitation and stored in the atomic medium through switching off the strong-coupling field adiabatically. By varying the power of the coupling pulse, we can control the ratio between the transmitted optical field and the stored atomic mode. We use a cloud of cold 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms prepared in magneto-optical trap as the experimental platform. Based on a model of EIT dark-state polariton, we consider the real case where the atomic medium has a finite length. The theoretical calculation gives numerical results that agree well with the experimental data. The results show that the ratio can be changed approximately from 0 to 100%, when the maximum power of the coupling pulse (the pulse length is 100 ns) varies from 0 to 20 mW, in the cold atomic ensemble with an optical depth of 40. This process can be used to achieve an atom-light hybrid beam splitter with tunable splitting ratio and thus find potential application in interferometric measurement and quantum information processing.
Analysis indicates that tunable spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can be introduced into the paraxial Schr\"odinger-type equation for a spinor image traveling through a rotating electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium. As a fundamental example, we show that, due to a radial gradient of large group refractive index, the SOC can lead to spatial separation of the oppositely oriented spinor states in the probe image, mimicking the fine-structure splitting of a spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ quantum harmonic oscillator described by the Pauli equation. Such a result enables a direct manipulation and visualization of spin-orbit physics by all-optical means based on EIT slow-light media. Possible experimental implementations of our model with ultracold atoms are discussed.