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IEEE Communications Letters

Secure Transmission to the Strong User in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

Youhong Feng, Shihao Yan, Zhen Yang

Published Oct 22, 2018• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in a passive eavesdropping scenario, we tackle the maximization of the secrecy rate for the strong user subject to a maximum allowable secrecy outage probability while guaranteeing a constraint on the transmission rate to the weak user. For the first time, the dependence between the eavesdropper's ability to conduct successive interference cancellation and her channel quality is considered. We determine the exact optimal power allocation and redundancy rate, based on which the cost of security in terms of the reduction in the strong user's secrecy rate is examined, and the benefits of NOMA for secure transmissions are revealed.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2018.2877320

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With non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in a passive eavesdropping scenario, we tackle the maximization of the secrecy rate for the strong user subject to a maximum allowable secrecy outage probability while guaranteeing a constraint on the transmission rate to the weak user. For the first time, the dependence between the eavesdropper's ability to conduct successive interference cancellation and her channel quality is considered. We determine the exact optimal power allocation and redundancy rate, based on which the cost of security in terms of the reduction in the strong user's secrecy rate is examined, and the benefits of NOMA for secure transmissions are revealed.
With non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA), we tackle the maximization of the secrecy rate for the strong user subject to a maximum allowable secrecy outage probability, while guaranteeing a constraint on the transmission rate to the weak user. For the first time, the dependence between the eavesdropper's ability to conduct successive interference cancellation and her channel quality is considered. We determine the optimal power allocation and the redundancy rate, based on which the cost of security in terms of the reduction in the strong user's secrecy rate is examined and the benefits of NOMA for secure transmissions are explicitly revealed.
This paper proposes a new design of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) under secrecy considerations. We focus on a NOMA system, where a transmitter sends confidential messages to multiple users in the presence of an external eavesdropper. The optimal designs of decoding order, transmission rates, and power allocated to each user are investigated. Considering the practical passive eavesdropping scenario where the instantaneous channel state of the eavesdropper is unknown, we adopt the secrecy outage probability as the secrecy metric. We first consider the problem of minimizing the transmit power subject to the secrecy outage and quality of service constraints, and derive the closed-form solution to this problem. We then explore the problem of maximizing the minimum confidential information rate among users subject to the secrecy outage and transmit power constraints, and provide an iterative algorithm to solve this problem. We find that the secrecy outage constraint in the studied problems does not change the optimal decoding order for NOMA, and one should increase the power allocated to the user whose channel is relatively bad when the secrecy constraint becomes more stringent. Finally, we show the advantage of NOMA over orthogonal multiple access in the studied problems both analytically and numerically.
This paper investigates secure transmission for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems where the imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) is considered at both legitimate users and eavesdropper (Eve). A power allocation scheme is designed for the legitimate users to mitigate the effect of the SIC error caused by imperfect SIC. For characterizing the secrecy performance of the NOMA system, the closed-form expressions for connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP), and effective secrecy throughput (EST) are derived over Nakagami-m fading channels in both NOMA and benchmark orthogonal multiple access (OMA) systems. We also provide security and reliability trade-off results (SRT) for the users in the NOMA and OMA systems. Simulation results verify our analysis and show that the strong users achieve better secrecy performance but worse reliability performance and NOMA outperforms OMA in terms of SRT.
In this letter, we investigate the information security problem for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks against an external eavesdropper. Considering the overhead of the channel state information (CSI) feedback, we utilize the quantized CSI during the secure NOMA transmission, and derive the secrecy rate for each receiver by adopting the successive interference cancellation. In order to optimally allocate the transmit power, an optimization problem is formulated such that the minimum secrecy rate of the receivers is maximized. For the proposed scheme, we also analyze the secrecy outage and transmission outage probabilities, and their closed-form expressions are derived. In addition, the security-reliability tradeoff is analyzed. Numerical results are demonstrated to verify the analytical results.
In this paper, secure communication in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink system is considered wherein two NOMA users with channel gain difference are paired in each transmission slot. The user with poor channel condition (weak user) is entrusted, while the user with good channel condition (strong user) is a potential eavesdropper. The weak user data can be intercepted by the strong user since the strong user needs to decode the weak user’s message for successive interference cancellation operation in NOMA. To impair strong user’s eavesdropping capability, weak user’s information-bearing signal is merged with an artificial signal (AS). Thus, the eavesdropping process requires extra decoding step at higher power level. The secrecy outage probability of the weak user is derived and provided in closed-form expression. The weak user faces a choice between transmitting the information-bearing signal with the total power and the deploying the AS technique, whereas the strong user can choose whether to eavesdrop the weak user’s message or not. To investigate users’ power-secrecy tradeoffs, their interactions are modeled as a non-cooperative zero-sum game. The existence of Nash equilibria (NEs) of the proposed game is first analyzed, and pure and mixed-strategy NE profiles are provided. In addition, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results and to prove that AS-Aided proposed scheme enhances the secrecy performance of NOMA systems while maintaining the NOMA superiority over OMA systems.
A key feature of the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique is that users with better channel conditions have prior information about the messages of other users. The technique to exploit the prior knowledge of strong users in order to improve the performance of weak users is known as cooperative NOMA. In this paper, we study the physical layer security in such a cooperative NOMA system. In order to reduce the complexity, the considered system in this paper has two users. Through the cooperative NOMA concept, the performance of the weak user is enhanced by the strong user. Given that there is an eavesdropper in the system that can hear all transmissions, we study the secrecy rate of the strong and the weak users. More specifically, we make an attempt to derive the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of both the users. Due to the intractable nature of the exact analysis for the weak user, we provide the closed form expression for the SOP of this user in high SNR regime while keeping the exactness for the strong user. Through numerical simulations, we verify the correctness of our analytical derivations under different scenarios. Besides, we provide the insights of achieving optimal secrecy performance in such a system.