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Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering

On Secrecy Performance of Mixed Nakagami-m and Málaga RFIFSO Variable Gain Relaying System

Mohammad Javad Saber, Ahmad Keshavarz

Published May 1, 2018• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the average secrecy capacity (ASC) performance of a mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) communication system which RF and the FSO channels experience Nakagami-$m$fading and Málaga turbulence, respectively. More precisely, by considering the heterodyne detection, the intensity modulation with direct detection techniques and the pointing errors, we derive an exact closed-form expression for the ASC metric to analyze the secrecy performance of considered mixed RF/FSO variable gain relaying system.

DOI
10.1109/icee.2018.8472457

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arXiv:2105.12265•May 26, 2021•3 citations
In this paper, we investigate the average secrecy capacity (ASC) performance of a mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) communication system which RF and the FSO channels experience Nakagami-mmmfading and Málaga turbulence, respectively. More precisely, by considering the heterodyne detection, the intensity modulation with direct detection techniques and the pointing errors, we derive an exact closed-form expression for the ASC metric to analyze the secrecy performance of considered mixed RF/FSO variable gain relaying system.
In this paper, we study the secrecy performance of a mixed radio frequency-free space optical (RF-FSO) transmission systems. All RF links experience Nakagami-m fading and the FSO link experiences the Gamma-Gamma fading. The effect of pointing error and two types of detection techniques (i.e., heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct detection) are considered. We derive closed-form expressions for lower bound of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and exact average secrecy capacity (ASC). Furthermore, by utilizing the expansion of Meijer's G-function, asymptotic results for SOP and ASC are derived when the electrical signal-to-noise ratio of the FSO link tends to infinity. Numerical and Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to verify the accuracy of our proposed results.
The emergence of an array of new wireless networks has led researchers to evaluate the prospect of utilizing the physical properties of the wireless medium in order to design secure systems. In this paper, the physical layer secrecy performance of a mixed radio frequency-free space optical (RF-FSO) system with variable gain relaying scheme is investigated in the presence of an eavesdropper. We assume that the eavesdropper can wiretap the transmitted confidential data from the RF link only. It is further assumed that the main and eavesdropper RF links are modeled as generalized Gamma (GG) fading channel, and the free space optical (FSO) link experiences Málaga turbulence with pointing error impairment. Our primary concern is to protect this confidential information from being wiretapped. Besides pointing error, the atmospheric turbulence and two types of detection techniques (i.e. heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct detection) are also taken into consideration. Utilizing amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme, the novel mathematical closed-form expressions for average secrecy capacity, lower bound of secrecy outage probability, and strictly positive secrecy capacity are derived. As both the links (RF and FSO) undergo generalized fading channels, the derived expressions are also general. We present a unification of some existing works utilizing the proposed model to better clarify the novelty of this work. Finally, all the derived expressions are justified via Monte-Carlo simulations.
Impact of Correlation and Pointing Error on Secure Outage Performance Over Arbitrary Correlated Nakagami-mmm and M\mathcal {M}M-Turbulent Fading Mixed RF-FSO Channel
In Radio Frequency (RF)-Free Space Optical (FSO) mixed links, secrecy capacity (SC) can be improved by exploiting spatial diversity (i.e., antenna diversity) in the RF path. In addition to atmospheric turbulence and point error of the FSO link, antenna correlation in the RF link can significantly deteriorate the secrecy performance. In this paper, a secrecy rate of wiretap channels with a single source, relay, destination, and eavesdropper is analyzed under practical environments with the aforementioned impairments. The RF hop (source-to-relay) and the FSO hop (relay-to-destination) are modeled utilizing arbitrarily correlated Nakagami-m and Málaga (M) distributions, respectively. The correlated signal branches of the RF hop are combined at the relay exploiting equal gain combining reception technique. We assume that the eavesdropper is capable of wiretapping via RF and FSO links separately. We derive novel closed-form expressions for secrecy outage probability (SOP) and strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) considering heterodyne detection (HD) and intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) techniques in order to examine the impact of atmospheric scintillation, pointing error, fading, and correlation on the system's secrecy performance. It is shown that the HD technique exhibits a better performance than an IM/DD technique. In addition, similar to the pointing error and turbulent fading, the correlation imposes a detrimental impact on SC. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulation results are provided for validation of the derived expressions.
In this article, we study the physical-layer security performance of the mixed millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio frequency (RF) assisted free-space optical (FSO) system as a future candidate transmission technology. The Rician and the Gamma-Gamma fading are investigated for the mm-wave RF and the FSO channels, respectively. More precisely, to analyze the secrecy performance of our considered system, we derive exact closed-form expressions for the average secrecy capacity and lower bound of the secrecy outage probability. Our considered system model involves the fixed-gain and the variable-gain relaying protocols, mm-wave characteristics and pointing errors in the RF and the FSO links and finally the heterodyne detection and the intensity modulation with direct detection techniques. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to verify our analytical results and also to investigate the effects of mentioned parameters and techniques in the security performance of the proposed mixed system.
Abstract With the completion of the standardization of fifth-generation (5G) networks, the researchers have begun visioning sixth-generation (6G) networks that are predicted to be human-centric. Hence, similar to 5G networks, besides high data rates, providing secrecy and privacy will be the center of attention by the wireless research community. To support the visions beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G, in this paper we propose a secure radio frequency (RF)-free space optical (FSO) mixed framework under the attempt of wiretapping by an eavesdropper at the RF hop. We assume the RF links undergo α − η − µ fading whereas the FSO link exhibits a unified Málaga turbulence model with pointing error. The secrecy performance is evaluated by deducing expressions for three secrecy metrics i.e. average secrecy capacity, secure outage probability, and probability of non-zero secrecy capacity in terms of univariate and bivariate Meijer’s G and Fox’s H functions. We further capitalize on these expressions to demonstrate the impacts of fading, atmospheric turbulence, and pointing errors and show a comparison between two detection techniques (i.e. heterodyne detection (HD) and intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD)) that N. S. Mandira et al. clearly reveals better secrecy can be achieved with HD technique relative to the IM/DD method. The inclusion of generalized fading models at the RF and FSO hops offers the unification of several classical scenarios as special cases thereby exhibiting a more generic nature relative to the existing literature. Finally , all the analytical results are corroborated via Monte-Carlo simulations.
With the completion of standardization of fifth-generation (5G) networks, the researchers have begun visioning sixth-generation (6G) networks that are predicted to be human-centric. Hence, similar to 5G networks, besides high data rate, providing secrecy and privacy will be the center of attention by the wireless research community. To support the visions beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G, in this paper we propose a secure radio frequency (RF)-free-space optical (FSO) mixed framework under the attempt of wiretapping by an eavesdropper at the RF hop. We assume the RF links undergo alpha-eta-mu fading whereas the FSO link exhibits a unified Malaga turbulence model with pointing error. The secrecy performance is evaluated by deducing expressions for three secrecy metrics i.e. average secrecy capacity, secure outage probability, and probability of non-zero secrecy capacity in terms of univariate and bivariate Meijer's G and Fox's H functions. We further capitalize on these expressions to demonstrate the impacts of fading, atmospheric turbulence, and pointing errors and show a comparison between two detection techniques (i.e. heterodyne detection (HD) and intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD)) that clearly reveals better secrecy can be achieved with HD technique relative to the IM/DD method. The inclusion of generalized fading models at the RF and FSO hops offers unification of several classical scenarios as special cases thereby exhibiting a more generic nature relative to the existing literature. Finally, all the analytical results are corroborated via Monte-Carlo simulations.