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Physica Scripta

Dressed state analysis of electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level X-type atomic system with wavelength mismatching effects

Amanjot Kaur, Paramjit Kaur

Published Sep 4, 2018• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present the theoretical study of the wavelength dependence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a five-level X-type atomic system using dressed state approach. Our numerical calculations reveal that the EIT response of the composite X-type system is more intricate than its constituent Λ and two Ξ subsystems. We derive an analytical solution for probe coherence using the perturbation technique. In the case of stationary atoms, EIT control is possible by varying the strengths and/or the detunings of strong electromagnetic fields. The dressed state picture is employed to describe the position and strength of each peak in probe absorption profile. We also explore in-depth the effect of Doppler broadening on EIT for perfect ( λ p = λ c 1 ≈ λ c 2 = λ c 3 ) and various partial wavelength mismatching schemes ( λ p = λ c 1 > λ c 2 , λ c 3 and λ p = λ c 1 < λ c 2 , λ c 3 ). Our results manifest that when λ p = λ c 1

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/aadec9

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Feb 1, 2017•3 citations
Abstract We present the theoretical study of the wavelength dependence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a five-level X-type atomic system using dressed state approach. Our numerical calculations reveal that the EIT response of the composite X-type system is more intricate than its constituent Λ and two Ξ subsystems. We derive an analytical solution for probe coherence using the perturbation technique. In the case of stationary atoms, EIT control is possible by varying the strengths and/or the detunings of strong electromagnetic fields. The dressed state picture is employed to describe the position and strength of each peak in probe absorption profile. We also explore in-depth the effect of Doppler broadening on EIT for perfect ( λ p = λ c 1 ≈ λ c 2 = λ c 3 ) and various partial wavelength mismatching schemes ( λ p = λ c 1 > λ c 2 , λ c 3 and λ p = λ c 1 < λ c 2 , λ c 3 ). Our results manifest that when λ p = λ c 1
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a probe field in a four-level Y-type atomic system driven by two strong laser (coupling) fields. Both homogeneously (radiative) and Doppler broadened systems are considered. The effect of residual Doppler broadening on EIT is demonstrated for various wave-vector mismatches occurring when the frequency of coupling fields is equal (kc{k}_{c}kc​ === kp{k}_{p}kp​), higher (kc>kp{k}_{c}>{k}_{p}kc​>kp​), or lesser (kc<kp{k}_{c}<{k}_{p}kc​<kp​) than that of the probe field frequency. Contrary to usual belief it is found that for the kc>kp{k}_{c}>{k}_{p}kc​>kp​ wave-vector mismatch case, the probe absorption profile displays very wide and almost complete single or double EIT windows whose width, depth, and location depend upon the wave-vector mismatch, Rabi frequencies, and atom field detuning of the coupling fields. Analytical results are also obtained to explain these interesting features.
We present a theoretical study of the effects of mismatching wavelengths for the coupling and probe fields in Doppler-broadened media for the three basic energy level configurations commonly used to realize electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Three wavelength regimes are considered: mismatched wavelengths for which the coupling frequency is greater than the probe frequency, matched wavelengths for which the coupling and probe frequencies are equal, and mismatched wavelengths for which the probe frequency is greater than the coupling frequency. The transparency that may be induced in these regimes is compared for the cascade-, \ensuremath{\Lambda}-, and Vee-type systems. We show that in the first mismatched regime $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}<{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p})$ EIT is possible in all schemes and is in fact stronger than in the matched case. It is also demonstrated that for the second mismatched regime $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}>{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p})$ EIT can be realized most readily in the Vee-type configuration in the presence of Doppler broadening. These predictions are explained by considering the absorption as a function of both the probe field detuning and the atomic velocity.
In a Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparency system, it shows that on the Doppler-broadened linear absorption background, as the probe intensity increases, the single narrow line-width window gradually evolves into 3 windows and 2 absorption peaks alternately. In this paper, the mechanism of probe intensity is studied in detail by using the dressed-state model. We propose that when the probe field is not so weak, the atomic Raman coherence can be manipulated by its intensity. For a Doppler-broadened system, there will appear the discontinuous energy variation of the dressed-states, and the large Raman loss due to the double resonance for dressed-states, which are the key factors for the evolution of the transparency window.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in five-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated for three representative configurations: M-, inverted-Y, and K-type systems driven by a weak probe field and three control laser fields. The different coupling schemes produce different quantum interference pathways and two-photon resonance conditions, leading to markedly different EIT spectra. The M-type configuration exhibits one, two, and three well-resolved transparency windows as successive control fields are introduced. In contrast, the inverted-Y configuration produces broader transparency windows because of the overlap of multiple interference channels, whereas the K-type configuration exhibits only a single EIT window when all control fields are resonant. Multiple transparency windows in the K-type system appear after introducing appropriate coupling-field detunings. Doppler broadening at room temperature significantly broadens the absorption spectrum and reduces the transparency depth, while preserving the number and positions of the EIT windows. These results demonstrate that the coupling scheme plays an important role in determining the formation and evolution of multi-window EIT spectra and identify the characteristics of the three five-level configurations for multi-channel quantum-optical applications, as well as for the experimental observation of EIT spectra in five-level configurations.
Abstract Discerning electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) from Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) is a significant issue in quantum optics and has attracted wide attention in various three-level configurations. Here we present a detailed study of EIT and ATS in a five-level atomic system considered to be composed of a four-level Y-type subsystem and a three-level Λ-type subsystem. In our theoretical calculations with standard density matrix formalism and steady-state approximation, we obtain the general analytical expression of the first-order matrix element responsible for the probe-field absorption. In light of the well-known three-level EIT and ATS criteria, we numerically show an intersection of EIT with ATS for the Y-type subsystem. Furthermore, we show that an EIT dip is sandwiched between two ATS dips (i.e., multi-dip mixture of EIT and ATS) in the absorption line for the five-level system, which can be explained by the dressed-state theory and Fano interference.