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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Research on the Key Technologies of the Compact Atomic Magnetometer

孙晓洁 SUN Xiao-jie, 寇军 Kou Jun, 张笑楠 ZHANG Xiao-nan, 曹建勋 CAO Jian-xun, 邓意成 DENG Yi-cheng, 卢向东 LU Xiang-dong

Published Jan 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.3788/jqo20182401.0202

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The Svenja and Regal research groups are collaboratively advancing the development of scalar and vector magnetometers, including integrated vector-scalar systems. This thesis focuses on designing a compact optically pumped vector magnetometer (COPVM) that measures the orientation of the magnetic field through Rabi frequencymeasurements driven by a microwave field, serving as an electromagnetic vector reference, across multiple atomic transitions. We transformed a large optical table setup for the vector magnetometer, designed by Cindy's group, into a 20 cm by 10 cm rectangular optical breadboard, designing and fabricating essential components like optical mounts, a microwave cavity, a thermal oven, Kapton heaters, and photodiode electronics to meet the dimensional constraints of COPVMs. To improve temperature uniformity in the vapor cell, we propose a novel cylindrical oven design supported by thermal simulations and in-situ experimental measurements of the vapor cell's heating temperature. We also designed a low-magnetic polyimide heater to mitigate magnetic field interference caused by conventional electrical heating elements. Additionally, we developed a compact cubic dielectric cavity (15 x 15 x 15 mm) with feeding loop antennas as a microwave source to drive various hyperfine 87Rb transitions (σ± and π). This project analyzes miniaturization challenges for the compact physics package (CPP) and its impact on size, weight, and power (SWaP), aiming to maintain optimal functionality. Components like optics mounts and microwave cavities are fabricated from nonmetallic materials using advanced techniques such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and CNC machining, which reduce magnetic interference and enhance structural alignment. This approach also allows for customization and rapid adjustments, supporting flexible prototyping and optimization. This thesis provides a roadmap for designing a compact optically pumped vector magnetometer, addressing key challenges and laying the foundation for future advancements in miniaturized atomic sensors.

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Atomic sensors employing cold-atom technology enable unprecedented accuracy and resolution for next generation atomic clocks, magnetometers, gravimeters, and gyroscopes. To date, however, the size and complexity of cold atom systems have prevented their deployment in practical applications outside of large research laboratories. Here we demonstrate a low power, palm-top, and fully integrated cold atom system that functions as an atomic clock with a stability of 2 parts in 10^11 at 1s. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing compact, robust, and portable devices based on laser cooled atoms.
The Svenja and Regal research groups are collaboratively advancing the development of scalar and vector magnetometers, including integrated vector-scalar systems. This thesis focuses on designing a compact optically pumped vector magnetometer (COPVM) that measures the orientation of the magnetic field through Rabi frequencymeasurements driven by a microwave field, serving as an electromagnetic vector reference, across multiple atomic transitions. We transformed a large optical table setup for the vector magnetometer, designed by Cindy's group, into a 20 cm by 10 cm rectangular optical breadboard, designing and fabricating essential components like optical mounts, a microwave cavity, a thermal oven, Kapton heaters, and photodiode electronics to meet the dimensional constraints of COPVMs. To improve temperature uniformity in the vapor cell, we propose a novel cylindrical oven design supported by thermal simulations and in-situ experimental measurements of the vapor cell's heating temperature. We also designed a low-magnetic polyimide heater to mitigate magnetic field interference caused by conventional electrical heating elements. Additionally, we developed a compact cubic dielectric cavity (15 x 15 x 15 mm) with feeding loop antennas as a microwave source to drive various hyperfine 87Rb transitions (σ± and π). This project analyzes miniaturization challenges for the compact physics package (CPP) and its impact on size, weight, and power (SWaP), aiming to maintain optimal functionality. Components like optics mounts and microwave cavities are fabricated from nonmetallic materials using advanced techniques such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and CNC machining, which reduce magnetic interference and enhance structural alignment. This approach also allows for customization and rapid adjustments, supporting flexible prototyping and optimization. This thesis provides a roadmap for designing a compact optically pumped vector magnetometer, addressing key challenges and laying the foundation for future advancements in miniaturized atomic sensors.