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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

Ramsey signal of coherent population trapping resonance in optically dense atomic cloud

К. А. Баранцев, A. N. Litvinov, Г. В. Волошин, Е. Н. Попов

Published Jun 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work is devoted to the Ramsey method (by means of pulsed radiation) of detection of the coherent population trapping resonance in the cold atomic cloud. We investigate the effect of an optically dense medium on the form and light shift of Ramsey resonance. The main result is to find the optimal ratio between intensities of the frequency components of radiation which suppresses the light shift for arbitrary dipole moments of atomic transitions.

DOI
10.1109/lo.2018.8435554

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This work is devoted to the Ramsey method (by means of pulsed radiation) of detection of the coherent population trapping resonance in the cold atomic cloud. We investigate the effect of an optically dense medium on the form and light shift of Ramsey resonance. The main result is to find the optimal ratio between intensities of the frequency components of radiation which suppresses the light shift for arbitrary dipole moments of atomic transitions.
This work is devoted to a theoretical investigation of the Ramsey method of detection of the coherent population trapping resonance in cold atomic clouds taking into account collective effects caused by finite optical depth of the considered clouds. The interaction of atoms with pulsed laser radiation is described in the formalism of density matrix by means of Maxwell-Bloch set of equations. The Ramsey signal of coherent population trapping resonance was calculated for the radiation passed through the medium and analyzed for different length of the atomic cloud. Also the population of excited level was calculated in dependence on the two-photon detuning and coordinate along the main optical axis. The light shift of sidebands and appearance of additional harmonics were discovered.
In this work, the peculiarities of Ramsey resonance and its sensitivity to the light shift from an optically dense medium of cold atoms are investigated. We considered different composite pulse protocols for clock spectroscopy such as hyper-Ramsey, modified and generalized hyper-Ramsey schemes. Shapes of resonances and error signals changes significantly due to the processes of absorption and dispersion in the atomic medium. The dependence of the position of the central fringe resonance with a residual uncompensated light shift of the atomic transition is theoretically studied when taking into account the attenuation of the radiation intensity in the medium. The change in pulses area of the hyper-Ramsey protocol allows us to suppress the sensitivity of the clock resonance position to the residual light shift for a certain length of the medium. It is shown that using a combination of generalized hyper- Ramsey error signals allows us to suppress the sensitivity to the light shift for any length of the medium. Also we analyzed the effect of spontaneous decay of high atomic state on the light shift sensitivity of the composite pulses schemes.
We investigate the influence of optical thickness on the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance interrogated by the autobalanced Ramsey method as well as by the method of combined error signals (CESs). We analyze sensitivity of the CPT resonance to the light shift of the etalon transition for the microwave quantum frequency standards based on cold or hot atomic ensembles. When the CPT resonance is excited, two-frequency laser radiation can be significantly absorbed at the atomic transitions of the optical range. The effects of absorption and phase incursion lead to additional shift of the reference resonance. This is an additional factor that degrades the accuracy of the frequency standards because this additional shift can vary with intensity and temperature fluctuations. It was shown that the CES method is more robust in an optically dense medium than is the autobalanced Ramsey method, but it also undergoes the light shift. We found that by choosing the normalization factor of the CES method it is possible to suppress the light shift for a certain density of the medium or suppress its sensitivity to temperature fluctuations.
Abstract The peculiarities of Ramsey resonance and its sensitivity to the light shift from an optically dense medium of cold atoms are investigated. Different composite pulse protocols for clock spectroscopy, including hyper-Ramsey, modified and generalised hyper-Ramsey schemes, are compared. Error signals change significantly due to the processes of absorption and dispersion in the atomic medium. The dependence of the position of the central fringe resonance with a residual uncompensated light shift of the atomic transition is studied with the attenuation of the radiation intensity in the medium taken into account. It is shown that using a combination of generalised hyper-Ramsey error signals allows one to suppress the sensitivity to the light shift for any length of the medium.