To reveal the physical nature of Planck’s constant, an analytic expression of Planck's constant is presented, and based on this expression, the De Broglie’s relation and the expression of momentum operator are derived. To calculate Planck’s constant, the shielding effect of the fundamental interaction is introduced, and found that Planck’s constant can be calculated for the fundamental interaction fields with shielding effects, thus have obtained the general quantization principle: the systems with shielding effects can be quantized. As a result, the representation of Planck's constant in the gravitational field is derived, indicating that although the gravitational field can’t be quantified, which has effects on quantum phenomena through expressing Planck’s constant based on the curvature of space-time. This work is of significance for deepening the understanding of quantum mechanics, and for exploring the quantum mechanism in the cosmic celestial bodies.
To reveal the physical nature of Planck’s constant, an analytic expression of Planck's constant is presented, and based on this expression, the De Broglie’s relation and the expression of momentum operator are derived. To calculate Planck’s constant, the shielding effect of the fundamental interaction is introduced, and found that Planck’s constant can be calculated for the fundamental interaction fields with shielding effects, thus have obtained the general quantization principle: the systems with shielding effects can be quantized. As a result, the representation of Planck's constant in the gravitational field is derived, indicating that although the gravitational field can’t be quantified, which has effects on quantum phenomena through expressing Planck’s constant based on the curvature of space-time. This work is of significance for deepening the understanding of quantum mechanics, and for exploring the quantum mechanism in the cosmic celestial bodies.
To reveal the physical nature of Planck's constant, an analytic expression of Planck's constant is presented, and based on this expression, the De Broglie's relation and the expression of momentum operator are derived.To calculate Planck's constant, the shielding effect of the fundamental interaction is introduced, and found that Planck's constant can be calculated for the fundamental interaction fields with shielding effects, thus have obtained the general quantization principle: the systems with shielding effects can be quantized.As a result, the representation of Planck's constant in the gravitational field is derived, indicating that although the gravitational field can't be quantified, which has effects on quantum phenomena through expressing Planck's constant based on the curvature of spacetime.This work is of significance for deepening the understanding of quantum mechanics, and for exploring the quantum mechanism in the cosmic celestial bodies.
There are discernible and fundamental differences between clocks, waves and physical states in classical physics. These fundamental concepts find a common expression in the context of quantum physics in gravitational fields; matter and light waves, quantum states and oscillator clocks become quantum synonymous through the Planck–Einstein–de Broglie relations and the equivalence principle. With this insight, gravitational effects on quantum systems can be simply and accurately analyzed. Apart from providing a transparent framework for conceptual and quantitative thinking on matter waves and quantum states in a gravitational field, we address and resolve with clarity the recent controversial discussions on the important issue of the relation and the crucial difference between gravimetery using atom interferometers and the measurement of gravitational time dilation.
This paper proposes mass interaction principle (MIP) as: the particles will be subjected to the random frictionless quantum Brownian motion by the collision of space time particle (STP) prevalent in spacetime. The change in the amount of action of the particles during each collision is an integer multiple of the Planck constant h. The motion of particles under the action of STP is a quantum Markov process. Under this principle, we infer that the statistical inertial mass of a particle is a statistical property that characterizes the difficulty of particle diffusion in spacetime. Starting from this principle, this article has the following six aspects of work: First, we derive the mass-diffusion coefficient uncertainty and the quantized commutation, and derive the most basic coordinate-momentum uncertainty and time-energy uncertainty of quantum mechanics, and then clearly reveal the particle-wave duality, which are properties exhibited by particles collided by STP. Second, we created the three decompositions of particles velocity. The comprehensive property of three velocities deduced the equation of motion of the particle as Schrodinger equation, and made a novel interpretation of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and Feynman’s path integral expression. And reexamine the quantum measurement problem, so that the EPR paradox can be explained in a self-consistent manner. Third, we reinterpret the physical origin of quantum spins. Each spacetime random impact not only gives the particle of matter the action of a Planck constant , but also produces the quantum fluctuation properties of the material particles. Futhermore, the quantum spin properties of the material particles are also produced, which reveals the statistical quality of 1/2 spin particles and the coexistence relationship of their spins. The particle spin properties ultimately reflect the spacetime properties of STP and particles, which leads to an important result that any spin 1/2 elementary particles will be massive. Fourth, we derive the physical origin of the special relativity, and prove that the hypothesis of constant speed of light is actually the intrinsic property of spacetime. This naturally leads to the three basic inferences of the special theory of relativity, namely, “mass enhancement”, “time dilation” and “length contraction” effects. Fifth, we can perfectly explain the nature of photons based on the topological and dynamic properties of STP, thus naturally obtain the complete electromagnetic theory and all important properties of charge. Sixth, we naturally derive the gravitation from the interaction of the fundamental particles of microscopic matter, namely the massive fermion and STP. Furthermore, we can judge from the overall perspective of modern physics that the inertia mass of fermions must be equal to the gravitational mass. We have obtained the equivalent principle combined with Newton’s universal gravitation, from which we can derive all the important contents of general relativity. Both inertial mass and gravitational mass are no longer the basic physical quantities. The two are indeed equivalent, which come from the statistical mass of STP collisions. This paper shows that STP can interact with matter particles in space time. The particles of matter are affected by the impact of STP and change their motional state. The mass of a particle is a statistical property exhibited by STP collision. Under the MIP framework of interaction between STP and matter particles, the relativistic quantum electromagnetic and spin properties of particles are all self-consistent. The relativistic behavior and quantum behavior of matter particles with statistical mass are all derived from the collision of STP on matter particles. We have systematically solved all the basic problems of modern physics with MIP, which is the common origin of special theory of relativity, general theory of relativity, electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics.
Abstract Even though we have some proposals for the quantum theory of gravity like string theory or loop quantum gravity, we do not have any experimental evidence supporting any of these theories. Actually, we do not have empirical evidence pointing in the direction that we really need a quantum description of the gravitational field. In this scenario, several proposals for experimentally investigating quantum gravitational effects far from the Planck scale have recently appeared in literature, like gravitationally induced entanglement, for instance. An important issue of these approaches is the decoherence introduced by the quantum nature not only of the system under consideration but also from the gravitational field itself. Here, by means of the Feynman–Vernon influence functional, we study the decoherence of a quantum system induced by the quantized gravitational field—in the linearized gravity regime—and also by its own quantum nature. Our results may be significant in better understanding many phenomena like the decoherence induced by the gravitational time-dilation, the quantum reference frames, and the quantum equivalence principle.
We propose six principles as the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics: principle of space and time, Galilean principle of relativity, Hamilton's principle, wave principle, probability principle, and principle of indestructibility and increatiblity of particles. We deductively develop the formalism of quantum mechanics on the basis of them: we determine the form of the Lagrangian that satisfies requirements of these principles, and obtain the Schroedinger equation from the Lagrangian. We also derive the canonical commutation relations. Then we adopt the following four guide lines. First, we do not premise the relations between dynamical variables in classical mechanics. Second, we define energy, momentum, and angular momentum as the constants of motion that are derived from homogeneity and isotropy in space and time on the basis of principle of space and time. Since energy and momentum are quantitatively defined in classical mechanics, we define them in quantum mechanics so that the corresponding conservation laws are satisfied in a coupling system of a quantum particle and a classical particle. Third, we define Planck's constant and the mass of a particle as proportionality constants between energy and frequency due to one of Einstein-de Broglie formulas and between momentum and velocity, respectively. We shall obtain the canonical commutation relations and the Schroedinger equation for a particle in an external field in the definitive form. We shall also prove that relations between dynamical variables in quantum mechanics have the same forms for those in classical mechanics.
We discuss the possibility that different realms of physics are described by distinct quantization constants. From the consistency of existing data, we infer limits on the differences between hypothetically distinct quantization constants for different elementary particles. Since the existence of multiple Planck constants implies violations of space-time symmetries, these limits may be viewed as precise tests of fundamental conservation laws, including the conservation of linear momentum and energy.