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Applied Sciences

Towards Non-Degenerate Quantum Lithography

Yu Zhou, Tao Peng, Hui Chen, Jianbin Liu, Yanhua H. Shih

Published Aug 3, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The photonic de Broglie wavelength of a non-degenerate entangled photon pair is measured by using a Young’s double slit interferometer, which proves that the non-degenerate entangled photon pairs have the potential to be used in quantum lithography. Experimental results show that the de Broglie wavelength of non-degenerate biphotons is well defined and its wavelength is neither the wavelength of the signal photon, nor the wavelength of the idler photon. According to the de Broglie equation, its wavelength corresponds to the momentum of the biphoton, which equals the sum of the momenta of signal and idler photons. The non-degenerate ghost interference/diffraction is also observed in these experiments.

DOI
10.3390/app8081292

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The photonic de Broglie wavelength of a non-degenerate entangled photon pair is measured by using a Young’s double slit interferometer, which proves that the non-degenerate entangled photon pairs have the potential to be used in quantum lithography. Experimental results show that the de Broglie wavelength of non-degenerate biphotons is well defined and its wavelength is neither the wavelength of the signal photon, nor the wavelength of the idler photon. According to the de Broglie equation, its wavelength corresponds to the momentum of the biphoton, which equals the sum of the momenta of signal and idler photons. The non-degenerate ghost interference/diffraction is also observed in these experiments.
In classical optics, Young's double-slit experiment with colored coherent light gives rise to individual interference fringes for each light frequency, referring to single-photon interference. However, two-photon double-slit interference has been widely studied only for wavelength-degenerate biphoton, known as subwavelength quantum lithography. In this work, we report double-slit interference experiments with two-color biphoton. Different from the degenerate case, the experimental results depend on the measurement methods. From a two-axis coincidence measurement pattern we can extract complete interference information about two colors. The conceptual model provides an intuitional picture of the in-phase and out-of-phase photon correlations and a complete quantum understanding about the which-path information of two colored photons.
Summary form only given. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment of quantum lithography utilizing parametric down-converted photons and a transmission grating, and show that the diffraction of a multiphoton state can be also explained by the concept of the photonic de Broglie wave. Pairs of frequency-degenerate photons were collinearly generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a 5 mm long KNbO/sub 3/ (KN) crystal pumped by the second harmonic light of a single longitudinal mode Ti:sapphire laser operating at 861.5 nm. The photon pairs were diffracted by a transmission grating (slit width: 125 /spl mu/m, period: 250 /spl mu/m), placed just after the KN crystal. In this geometry, each photon pair passes together through one of the grating slits. By rotating a mirror, we recorded spatial diffraction-interference patterns at a two-photon detector consisting of two avalanche photodiodes. For comparison, we also observed diffraction-interference patterns of chaotic light from a tungsten lamp using the same apparatus.
Summary form only given. Recently, Jacobson et al. ( see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.74, p. 4835 (1995)) proposed the concept of "photonic de Broglie wave" in multiphoton states. They argued that the photonic de Broglie wavelength of an ensemble of photons with wavelength /spl lambda//sub 0/ and average number of photons N can be measured using a special interferometer with "effective beam splitters" that do not split the multiphoton states into constituent photons. Fonseca et al. see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 82, p. 2868 (1999)) measured the photonic de Broglie wavelength of a two-photon state ("biphoton") using a kind of Young's interferometer. We propose and demonstrate the measurement of photonic de Broglie wavelength of biphotons generated by parametric down-conversion utilizing the usual Mach-Zehnder interferometer.