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The quantum Cheshire Cat experiment of Denkmayr et al

W. M. Stuckey, Michael Silberstein, Timothy J. McDevitt

Published Oct 5, 2014• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

In a July 2014 Nature Communications paper, Denkmayr et al. claim to have instantiated so-called quantum Cheshire Cat experiment using neutron interferometry. Crucial to this claim are weak values which must imply quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, i.e., the neutron and its spin are spatially separated in their experiment. While they measured correct weak values for quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, corresponding implications do not obtain because, as we show, those weak values were measured with both a quadratic and a linear magnetic field Bz interaction. We show explicitly how those weak values imply quantum Cheshire Cat if Bz interaction is linear and then we show how quadratic Bz interaction destroys quantum Cheshire Cat implications of those weak values. Since both linear and quadratic Bz interactions contribute equally to neutron intensity in this experiment, deviant weak value implications are unavoidable. Because weak values were used successfully to compute neutron intensities for weak Bz in this experiment, it is clearly case that one cannot make ontological inferences from weak values without taking into account corresponding interaction strength.

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Concerning Quadratic Interaction in the Quantum Cheshire Cat Experiment

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In a July 2014 Nature Communications paper, Denkmayr et al. claim to have instantiated the so-called quantum Cheshire Cat experiment using neutron interferometry. Crucial to this claim are the weak values which must imply the quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, i.e., "the neutron and its spin are spatially separated" in their experiment. While they measured the correct weak values for the quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, the corresponding implications do not obtain because, as we show, those weak values were measured with both a quadratic and a linear magnetic field Bz interaction. We show explicitly how those weak values imply quantum Cheshire Cat if the Bz interaction is linear and then we show how the quadratic Bz interaction destroys the quantum Cheshire Cat implications of those weak values. Since both linear and quadratic Bz interactions contribute equally to the neutron intensity in this experiment, the deviant weak value implications are unavoidable. Because weak values were used successfully to compute neutron intensities for weak Bz in this experiment, it is clearly the case that one cannot make ontological inferences from weak values without taking into account the corresponding interaction strength.

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In a July 2014 Nature Communications paper, Denkmayr et al. claim to have instantiated so-called quantum Cheshire Cat experiment using neutron interferometry. Crucial to this claim are weak values which must imply quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, i.e., the neutron and its spin are spatially separated in their experiment. While they measured correct weak values for quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, corresponding implications do not obtain because, as we show, those weak values were measured with both a quadratic and a linear magnetic field Bz interaction. We show explicitly how those weak values imply quantum Cheshire Cat if Bz interaction is linear and then we show how quadratic Bz interaction destroys quantum Cheshire Cat implications of those weak values. Since both linear and quadratic Bz interactions contribute equally to neutron intensity in this experiment, deviant weak value implications are unavoidable. Because weak values were used successfully to compute neutron intensities for weak Bz in this experiment, it is clearly case that one cannot make ontological inferences from weak values without taking into account corresponding interaction strength.

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Abstract One of the common conceptions of nature, typically derived from the experiences with classical systems, is that attributes of the matter coexist with the substance. In the quantum regime, however, the quantum particle itself and its physical property may be in spatial separation, known as the quantum Cheshire cat effect. While there have been several reports to date on the observation of the quantum Cheshire cat effect, all such experiments are based on first-order interferometry and destructive projection measurement, thus allowing simple interpretation due to measurement-induced disturbance and also subject to trivial interpretation based on classical waves. In this work, we report an experimental observation of the quantum Cheshire cat effect with noninvasive weak quantum measurement as originally proposed. The use of the weak-measurement probe has allowed us to identify the location of the single photon and that of the disembodied polarization state in a quantum interferometer. The weak-measurement probe based on two-photon interference makes our observation unable to be explained by classical physics. We furthermore elucidate the quantum Cheshire cat effect as quantum interference of the transition amplitudes for the photon and the polarization state which are directly obtained from the measurement outcomes or the weak values. Our work not only reveals the true quantum nature of Cheshire cat effect but also sheds light on a comprehensive understanding for the counter-intuitive quantum phenomena.

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In a recent work, Aharonov et al suggested that a photon could be separated from its polarization in an experiment involving pre- and post-selection (Aharonov et al 2013 New J. Phys. 15 113015 ). They named the effect 'quantum Cheshire Cat', in a reference to the cat that is separated from its grin in the novel Alice ' s Adventures in Wonderland . Following these ideas, Denkmayr et al performed a neutron interferometric experiment and interpreted the results suggesting that neutrons were separated from their spin (Denkmayr et al 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4492 ). Here we show that these results can be interpreted as simple quantum interference, with no separation between the quantum particle and its internal degree of freedom. We thus hope to clarify the phenomenon with this work, by removing these apparent paradoxes.

arXiv:1409.0808•New Journal of Physics•May 27, 2015•45 citations
In a July 2014 Nature Communications paper, Denkmayr et al. claim to have instantiated so-called quantum Cheshire Cat experiment using neutron interferometry. Crucial to this claim are weak values which must imply quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, i.e., the neutron and its spin are spatially separated in their experiment. While they measured correct weak values for quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, corresponding implications do not obtain because, as we show, those weak values were measured with both a quadratic and a linear magnetic field Bz interaction. We show explicitly how those weak values imply quantum Cheshire Cat if Bz interaction is linear and then we show how quadratic Bz interaction destroys quantum Cheshire Cat implications of those weak values. Since both linear and quadratic Bz interactions contribute equally to neutron intensity in this experiment, deviant weak value implications are unavoidable. Because weak values were used successfully to compute neutron intensities for weak Bz in this experiment, it is clearly case that one cannot make ontological inferences from weak values without taking into account corresponding interaction strength.
In a July 2014 Nature Communications paper, Denkmayr et al. claim to have instantiated the so-called quantum Cheshire Cat experiment using neutron interferometry. Crucial to this claim are the weak values which must imply the quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, i.e., "the neutron and its spin are spatially separated" in their experiment. While they measured the correct weak values for the quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, the corresponding implications do not obtain because, as we show, those weak values were measured with both a quadratic and a linear magnetic field Bz interaction. We show explicitly how those weak values imply quantum Cheshire Cat if the Bz interaction is linear and then we show how the quadratic Bz interaction destroys the quantum Cheshire Cat implications of those weak values. Since both linear and quadratic Bz interactions contribute equally to the neutron intensity in this experiment, the deviant weak value implications are unavoidable. Because weak values were used successfully to compute neutron intensities for weak Bz in this experiment, it is clearly the case that one cannot make ontological inferences from weak values without taking into account the corresponding interaction strength.
In a July 2014 Nature Communications paper, Denkmayr et al. claim to have instantiated so-called quantum Cheshire Cat experiment using neutron interferometry. Crucial to this claim are weak values which must imply quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, i.e., the neutron and its spin are spatially separated in their experiment. While they measured correct weak values for quantum Cheshire Cat interpretation, corresponding implications do not obtain because, as we show, those weak values were measured with both a quadratic and a linear magnetic field Bz interaction. We show explicitly how those weak values imply quantum Cheshire Cat if Bz interaction is linear and then we show how quadratic Bz interaction destroys quantum Cheshire Cat implications of those weak values. Since both linear and quadratic Bz interactions contribute equally to neutron intensity in this experiment, deviant weak value implications are unavoidable. Because weak values were used successfully to compute neutron intensities for weak Bz in this experiment, it is clearly case that one cannot make ontological inferences from weak values without taking into account corresponding interaction strength.
It is shown that discrete-event simulation accurately reproduces the experimental data of a single-neutron interferometry experiment [T. Denkmayr {\sl et al.}, Nat. Commun. 5, 4492 (2014)] and provides a logically consistent, paradox-free, cause-and-effect explanation of the quantum Cheshire cat effect without invoking the notion that the neutron and its magnetic moment separate. Describing the experimental neutron data using weak-measurement theory is shown to be useless for unravelling the quantum Cheshire cat effect.
Based on the concept of weak measurements, in 2013 Aharonov et al. proposed an experiment in which, according to their interpretation of the predicted results, a photon and its circular polarization were spatially separated, naming this phenomenon quantum Cheshire Cat [1]. This name is after a character in Lewis Carrolls novel Alice In Wonderland, the Cheshire Cat a cat whose grin can exist without the animal itself. Denkmayr et al., in 2014, claimed they realized experimentally the quantum Cheshire Cat, separating a neutron from its intrinsic magnetic moment [3]. We show how both results follow from interference effects, and thus the conclusion that a particle is separated from one of its intrinsic properties is not a necessary one. Making use of mostly undergraduate level quantum mechanics, we rule out the apparent paradox of the quantum Cheshire Cat.
Abstract One of the common conceptions of nature, typically derived from the experiences with classical systems, is that attributes of the matter coexist with the substance. In the quantum regime, however, the quantum particle itself and its physical property may be in spatial separation, known as the quantum Cheshire cat effect. While there have been several reports to date on the observation of the quantum Cheshire cat effect, all such experiments are based on first-order interferometry and destructive projection measurement, thus allowing simple interpretation due to measurement-induced disturbance and also subject to trivial interpretation based on classical waves. In this work, we report an experimental observation of the quantum Cheshire cat effect with noninvasive weak quantum measurement as originally proposed. The use of the weak-measurement probe has allowed us to identify the location of the single photon and that of the disembodied polarization state in a quantum interferometer. The weak-measurement probe based on two-photon interference makes our observation unable to be explained by classical physics. We furthermore elucidate the quantum Cheshire cat effect as quantum interference of the transition amplitudes for the photon and the polarization state which are directly obtained from the measurement outcomes or the weak values. Our work not only reveals the true quantum nature of Cheshire cat effect but also sheds light on a comprehensive understanding for the counter-intuitive quantum phenomena.
In a recent work, Aharonov et al suggested that a photon could be separated from its polarization in an experiment involving pre- and post-selection (Aharonov et al 2013 New J. Phys. 15 113015 ). They named the effect 'quantum Cheshire Cat', in a reference to the cat that is separated from its grin in the novel Alice ' s Adventures in Wonderland . Following these ideas, Denkmayr et al performed a neutron interferometric experiment and interpreted the results suggesting that neutrons were separated from their spin (Denkmayr et al 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4492 ). Here we show that these results can be interpreted as simple quantum interference, with no separation between the quantum particle and its internal degree of freedom. We thus hope to clarify the phenomenon with this work, by removing these apparent paradoxes.