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International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS)

Error correction and detection techniques in quantum cryptography protocol

S H Sreelatha, G. Murali

Published Aug 1, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Cryptography evolves a technology which provides secure communication. In this work error correction and detection techniques are used to correct and detect the errors which occur either due to noise or attacks while transferring bits. The main objective of this paper is using error correction and detection techniques to correct and detect the error and analyze the comparison between BB84 Protocol, BB84 using Parity Bits and BB84 using Cyclic Redundancy Check for the number of bits match and mismatch frequency between sender and receiver. This methodology can be implemented using Mat lab simulator. It is very easy to analyze mathematically when compared to theoretical process.

DOI
10.1109/icecds.2017.8390130

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Quantum Cryptography evolves a technology which provides secure communication. In this work error correction and detection techniques are used to correct and detect the errors which occur either due to noise or attacks while transferring bits. The main objective of this paper is using error correction and detection techniques to correct and detect the error and analyze the comparison between BB84 Protocol, BB84 using Parity Bits and BB84 using Cyclic Redundancy Check for the number of bits match and mismatch frequency between sender and receiver. This methodology can be implemented using Mat lab simulator. It is very easy to analyze mathematically when compared to theoretical process.
The quantum cryptography is an emerging technology, which uses quantum mechanics properties of micro-particles to encode information. In the theory and practice, it has been proved to be totally safe. Because of quantum channel being susceptible to be interfered by noise, error correction in quantum communication is facing a big problem today. This article will focus on cyclic redundancy check (CRC) replacing parity check in the protocol binary mainly in order to improve the efficiency of error correction and reduce the frequency of communication. And then its performance will be contrasted with the protocol binary with parity check by the self-designed simulation platform. The result shows that protocol binary with CRC can improve efficiency by up to around 50%.
Abstract Quantum cryptography is a technique used in the area of cryptography that relies on quantum mechanics to securely transfer a key between two parties. The BB84 protocol is a well-known quantum cryptography method that produces a shared key between Alice and Bob by using the polarisation states of photons. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and implementation of the BB84 protocol with polarization states, using the IBM Quantum Lab Simulator. We demonstrated key generation, error correction, and privacy amplification steps, along with a theoretical analysis of security against eavesdropping attacks of the proposed protocol. Furthermore, the practical limitations and considerations for implementing the protocol are discussed, such as the effects of noise and decoherence in realistic quantum systems. Our findings suggest that the Enhanced BB84 Protocol with Error Correction and Privacy Amplification is a promising approach for secure key distribution in quantum communication and could serve as a foundation for future developments in quantum cryptography.
Quantum cryptography is a promising solution in the problem of communication security. The BB84 quantum protocol is integrated in the 4-way handshake keys establishment protocol of 802.11 networks to ensure an absolute security in keys transmission; BB84 consists of several steps, but the most important step is the reconciliation which consists of permuting the bits of the sequences randomly using the Bellot and Dang (BD) method to detect and correct the errors that could occur from the quantum system. And yet, it presents weaknesses since it didn't correct all the errors in some cases although it necessitates the most of the time and the resources. In this paper, we propose a new method to permute the bits using the quantum cryptography and the chaos. This method enhances the BD method using a chaotic permutation and leads to a new method called OFBD. The simulated results of the new method show the advantage of detecting and correcting all of the existing errors, increasing the efficiency of this method for more than 25% comparing to the existing permutation.
Quantum key distribution protocols (QKD) identify eavesdroppers on quantum channel based on laws of quantum mechanics. In the original BB84 protocol, unauthorized measurements on qubits are discovered after Alice and Bob sacrifice some random resulting key bits as a test and find out a mismatch rate. Decoy state protocol alerts photon number splitting attack when the decoy multiphoton pulses deliberately positioned by Alice are registered abnormally higher at Bob’s detectors than the single photon pulses are. E91 protocol is the first QKD protocol that ever brought about entangled atoms. Based on Bell’s theorem, a probability coefficient is constrained within a fixed range under the circumstances of interception. While in practice, bit error rate (BER) is not necessarily associated with vicious eavesdropping. Detection inefficiency, transmission loss, imperfect entanglement sources and many other factors contribute as false alarms. Error correction is an essential post-processing procedure to tolerate implementation limits, yet secure the accuracy of the transmitted key. Quantifying third party contaminations also helps setting an optimal BER threshold to decide if one should abandon all previous communications. In this work, we summarize major causes of bit error in various practical QKD protocols mentioned above and study whether error correction models, such as low-density parity-check code (LDPC), perform accordingly to different kinds of errors.
The verification of the intricate interaction between a series of quantum error correction techniques and a quantum key distribution scheme also known as BB84, through the IBM Quantum Experience as a simulator, allows for a detailed verification of the immunity of the proposed system to errors and noise. The interaction between the error correction techniques and the scheme BB84 gives rise to a critical verification of their combined impact. The result not only validates the strength of the system, but also makes a big step toward a deeper understanding of how many-protection is required at its best for being efficient schemes of quantum communication. They also analyze the combined strategies, it is showed that these strategies can be used to enhance QKD. It is also significant for practical applications to remove uncertainty and noise. This work provides a reference for the quantum communication application, and supplements to quantum information security literature.
Based on BB84 protocols,three classes of security proving for quantum cryptography are briefly introduced,and a deep research on security proving methods is provided based upon entanglement purification and quantum CSS code. The research mainly analyzes the application of quantum error correcting-codes in two representative schemes called Lo-Chau and Shor-Preskill protocol.Meanwhile,it investigates two classes of equivalence,one is the one-way entanglement purification and quantum error correction,the other is the phase error correction and removing of listener-in entanglement. Through concrete examples,it analyzes and implements the function of quantum error correcting-codes in security proving,validates the equivalence between quantum key distribution protocols based on entanglement and standard BB84 protocols,and testifies the separability between bit error correction and phase error correction,which shows the great importance of quantum error correcting-codes in security proving.