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Laser Physics

Quantum correlations in non-Markovian open quantum systems at different ranges of temperature

K. Berrada, Hichem Eleuch

Published Jun 7, 2018• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we numerically explore the quantum correlations in a system consisting of two identical qubits, each of them locally interacting with a bosonic reservoir under non-Markovian regime, dissipative quantum system. The influences of Ohmic reservoir with Lorentz–Drude regularization on the quantum discord and entanglement are studied. We analyze the quantum correlations rate in high temperature, intermediate temperature, and low temperature reservoirs, respectively. The dependence of the quantum correlations on the ratio r of the reservoir cutoff frequency and the system oscillator frequency, and temperature k B T shows that the decreasing of the frequency ratio r enhances the amount of quantum correlations between the two qubits, while the increasing of the temperature damages the amount of correlations. More precisely, we find a sudden death of quantum entanglement, that is, the entanglement vanishes as time becomes large for different temperatures. On the other hand, we show in contrast to what happens to entanglement, the quantum discord does not vanish even at high temperatures.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aac06e

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Abstract In this paper, we numerically explore the quantum correlations in a system consisting of two identical qubits, each of them locally interacting with a bosonic reservoir under non-Markovian regime, dissipative quantum system. The influences of Ohmic reservoir with Lorentz–Drude regularization on the quantum discord and entanglement are studied. We analyze the quantum correlations rate in high temperature, intermediate temperature, and low temperature reservoirs, respectively. The dependence of the quantum correlations on the ratio r of the reservoir cutoff frequency and the system oscillator frequency, and temperature k B T shows that the decreasing of the frequency ratio r enhances the amount of quantum correlations between the two qubits, while the increasing of the temperature damages the amount of correlations. More precisely, we find a sudden death of quantum entanglement, that is, the entanglement vanishes as time becomes large for different temperatures. On the other hand, we show in contrast to what happens to entanglement, the quantum discord does not vanish even at high temperatures.
We analyze the dynamics of the entanglement in two independent non-Markovian channels. In particular, we focus on the entanglement dynamics as a function of the initial states and the channel parameters like the temperature and the ratio rrr between ω0ω_0ω0​ the characteristic frequency of the quantum system of interest, and ωcω_cωc​ the cut-off frequency of Ohmic reservoir. We give a stationary analysis of the concurrence and find that the dynamic of non-markovian entanglement concurrence Cρ(t)\mathcal{C}_ρ(t)Cρ​(t) at temperature kBT=0k_BT=0kB​T=0 is different from the kBT>0k_BT>0kB​T>0 case. We find that "entanglement sudden death" (ESD) depends on the initial state when kBT=0k_BT=0kB​T=0, otherwise the concurrence always disappear at finite time when kBT>0k_BT>0kB​T>0, which means that ESD must happen. The main result of this paper is that the non-Markovian entanglement dynamic is fundamentally different from the Markovian one. In the Markovian channel, entanglement decays exponentially and vanishes only asymptotically, but in the non-Markovian channel the concurrence Cρ(t)\mathcal{C}_ρ(t)Cρ​(t) oscillates, especially in the high temperature case. Then an open-loop controller adjusted by the temperature is proposed to control the entanglement and prolong the ESD time.
We study the non-Markovian effect on the dynamics of the quantum discord by exactly solving a model consisting of two independent qubits subject to two zero-temperature non-Markovian reservoirs, respectively. Considering the two qubits initially prepared in Bell-like or extended Werner-like states, we show that there is no occurrence of the sudden death, but only instantaneous disappearance of the quantum discord at some time points, in comparison to the entanglement sudden death in the same range of the parameters of interest. This implies that the quantum discord is more useful than the entanglement to describe the quantum correlation involved in quantum systems.
The quantum discord of the two-atom system, which is in two independent Lorentzian reservoirs and in two independent Ohmic reservoirs with the Lorentz–Drude cutoff function, respectively, and the reservoirs are at zero temperature, is studied by applying the time-convolutionless master-equation method. We find that the quantum discord of the two-atom system is dependent on the characteristics of non-Markovian environments. The results show that the quantum discord can be effectively protected not only in Lorentzian reservoirs, but also in ohmic reservoirs with the Lorentz–Drude cutoff function. Finally, the physical interpretations for these results are given via the correlation function.
We investigate the dynamical evolution of quantum discord, entanglement and purity in an open quantum system of two coupled asymmetric harmonic oscillators interacting with a thermal environment. Using the Kossakowski-Lindblad master equation we analyze the time evolution starting with a squeezed vacuum state. In contrast to our previous study on entanglement evolution in asymmetric oscillators, the present work introduces XY-type position-position coupling together with a systematic joint analysis of quantum discord and purity alongside entanglement. We examine the combined effects of the squeezing parameter, asymmetry parameter, coupling constant, dissipation rate and temperature. We find that quantum discord and entanglement exhibit, in general, a non-monotonic decrease over time. Increasing temperature consistently accelerates the degradation of both quantum correlations and purity, whereas increasing dissipation accelerates the degradation of quantum correlations but leads to higher steady-state purity. Increasing the squeezing parameter provides a protective effect by enhancing initial correlations and prolonging entanglement survival time, while increasing the coupling constant leads to higher quantum correlations. The asymmetry parameter exhibits only a weak influence on the correlation evolution. Our analysis reveals that quantum discord demonstrates stronger resilience than entanglement, which can present more complex behaviour including entanglement sudden death and possible temporary revivals and re-suppressions. These findings provide valuable insights for developing robust quantum information protocols and strategies for preserving quantum correlations in realistic open quantum systems, with potential extensions to non-Markovian regimes and multi-mode architectures.
The dynamics of two non-coupled qubits independently interacting with their reservoirs is solved by the time convolutionless projection operator method. We study two-qubit quantum correlation dynamics for two different types of spectral densities, which are a Lorentzian distribution and an Ohmic spectral density with a Lorentzian—Drude cutoff function. For two qubits initially prepared in the initial Bell state, quantum discord can keep longer time and reach larger values in non-Markovian reservoirs for the first spectral distribution or by reducing the cutoff frequency for the second case. For the initial Bell-like state, the dynamic behaviors of quantum discord and entanglement are compared. The results show that a long time of quantum correlation can be obtained by adjusting some parameters in experiment and further confirm that the discord can capture quantum correlation in addition to entanglement.
In the framework of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we give a description of the continuous-variable quantum entanglement and quantum discord for a system consisting of two noninteracting modes embedded in a thermal environment. Entanglement and discord are used to quantify the quantum correlations of the system. For all values of the temperature of the thermal reservoir, an initial separable Gaussian state remains separable for all times. We study the time evolution of logarithmic negativity, which characterizes the degree of entanglement, and show that in the case of an entangled initial Gaussian state, entanglement suppression (entanglement sudden death) takes place, for non-zero temperatures of the environment. Only for a zero temperature of the thermal bath the initial entangled state remains entangled for finite times. We analyze the time evolution of the Gaussian quantum discord, which is a measure of all quantum correlations in the bipartite state, including entanglement, and show that quantum discord decays asymptotically in time under the effect of the thermal bath. This is contrast with the sudden death of entanglement. Before the suppression of the entanglement, the qualitative evolution of quantum discord is very similar to that of the entanglement. We describe also the time evolution of the degree of classical correlations and of quantum mutual information, which measures the total correlations of the quantum system.