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Physical Review Letters

Cold Collision Frequency Shifts in a 87Rb Fountain

Yvan R. P. Sortais, S. Bize, Christophe Nicolas, Andr  Clairon, Ch Salomon, Carl J. Williams

Published Jan 1, 2000• 7 citations
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We measure a cold collision frequency shift in an ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ fountain clock that is fractionally 30 times smaller than that for Cs. The shift is $\ensuremath{-}0.38(8)\mathrm{mHz}$ for a density of $1.0(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We study the cavity pulling of the atomic transition and use it to cancel the cold collision shift. We also measure the partial frequency shifts of each clock state finding $2({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{10}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{20})/({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{10}+{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{20})\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.1(6)$.

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Advances in 133Cs Fountains: Control of the Cold Collision Shift and Observation of Feshbach Resonances

S. Bize

This paper describes the work performed at BNM‐SYRTE (Observatoire de Paris) over the past few years toward the improvement and the use of microwave frequency standards using laser‐cooled atoms. First, recent improvements of the 133Cs and 87Rb atomic fountains are described. An important advance is the achievement of a fractional frequency instability of 1.6 × 10−14τ−1/2 where τ is the measurement time in seconds, thanks to the routine use of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator as an ultra‐stable local frequency reference. The second advance is a powerful method to control the frequency shift due to cold collisions. These two advances lead to a frequency stability of 2 × 10−16 at 50 000 s for the first time for primary standards. In addition, these clocks realize the SI second with an accuracy of 7 × 10−16, one order of magnitude below that of uncooled devices.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2005•1 citation
We measure a cold collision frequency shift in an 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb fountain clock that is fractionally 30 times smaller than that for Cs. The shift is $\ensuremath{-}0.38(8)\mathrm{mHz}$ for a density of $1.0(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We study the cavity pulling of the atomic transition and use it to cancel the cold collision shift. We also measure the partial frequency shifts of each clock state finding $2({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{10}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{20})/({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{10}+{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{20})\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.1(6)$.
This paper describes the work performed at BNM‐SYRTE (Observatoire de Paris) over the past few years toward the improvement and the use of microwave frequency standards using laser‐cooled atoms. First, recent improvements of the 133Cs and 87Rb atomic fountains are described. An important advance is the achievement of a fractional frequency instability of 1.6 × 10−14τ−1/2 where τ is the measurement time in seconds, thanks to the routine use of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator as an ultra‐stable local frequency reference. The second advance is a powerful method to control the frequency shift due to cold collisions. These two advances lead to a frequency stability of 2 × 10−16 at 50 000 s for the first time for primary standards. In addition, these clocks realize the SI second with an accuracy of 7 × 10−16, one order of magnitude below that of uncooled devices.