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Optics Express

Complete spatial coherence characterization of quasi-random laser emission from dye doped transparent wood

Matias Koivurova, Elena Vasileva, Yuanyuan Li, Lars A. Berglund, Sergei Popov

Published May 10, 2018• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the experimental determination of the complete two coordinate spatial coherence function of light emitted by a quasi-random laser, implemented on recently introduced dye-doped transparent wood. The spatial coherence was measured by means of a double grating interferometer, which has some advantages over the standard Young's interferometer. Analysis of the spatial coherence reveals that emission from such a material can be considered as a superposition of several spatial modes produced by individual emitters within semi-ordered scattering medium. The overall degree of coherence, γ¯, for this quasi-random laser was found to be 0.16 ± 0.01, having possible applications in speckle free laser imaging and illumination.

DOI
10.1364/oe.26.013474

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We report on the experimental determination of the complete two coordinate spatial coherence function of light emitted by a quasi-random laser, implemented on recently introduced dye-doped transparent wood. The spatial coherence was measured by means of a double grating interferometer, which has some advantages over the standard Young's interferometer. Analysis of the spatial coherence reveals that emission from such a material can be considered as a superposition of several spatial modes produced by individual emitters within semi-ordered scattering medium. The overall degree of coherence, γ¯, for this quasi-random laser was found to be 0.16 ± 0.01, having possible applications in speckle free laser imaging and illumination.
Stochastic interference of partially coherent light multiple scattered by a random medium is considered. The relationship between the second- and third-order moments of intensity fluctuations in random interference patterns, the coherence function of probe radiation, and the probability density of path differences for the interfering partial waves in the medium are established. The obtained relationships were verified using the statistical analysis of spectrally selected fluorescence radiation emitted by the laser-pumped dye-doped random medium. Rhodamine 6G water solution was applied as the doping agent for the ensembles of densely packed silica grains which were pumped by the CW radiation (532 nm) from the diode-pumped solid state laser. Experimentally observed abrupt decay of the second- and third-order moments of fluorescence intensity fluctuations for the wavelengths ranging from 620 nm to 680 nm is interpreted in terms of amplification of spontaneous emission at large dye concentrations. This paper discusses the new optical probe of random media defined as "the reference-free path length interferometry with the intensity moments analysis".
In two recent works, the authors have investigated the spectro-temporal properties of the random laser emission from solid state dye-doped powders in picosecond pumping regime. Each emission pulse consists, both above and below threshold, in a collection of narrow peaks of a spectro-temporal width at the theoretical limit (ΔωΔt≅1). The distribution of path lengths traveled inside the diffusive active medium by photons that can be amplified by stimulated emission explains this behavior, as demonstrated by a simple theoretical model developed by the authors. The aim of the present work is, first, to develop an implemented model that does not depend on fitting parameters, and which is compatible with the energetic and spectro-temporal properties of the material; and second, to get knowledge about the spatial properties of the emission. The transverse coherence size of each emitted photon packet has been measured; and in addition, we have shown the existence of spatial fluctuations of the emission of these materials, as our model predicts.
We derive the photon-number probability distribution and the resulting degree of second-order optical coherence for light emission from a uniformly distributed active species within a multiple-light-scattering medium. This is obtained from a master equation describing the probability distribution for photons in the vicinity of position r, traveling with a wave vector k, related, in turn, to a coarse-grained average of the optical Wigner coherence function. Using a simple model for isotropic, spatially uncorrelated scatterers, this reduces to a generalization of the master equation of a conventional laser in which the medium behaves like a random collection of low-quality factor cavities that are coupled by photon diffusion between a given cavity and its neighbors. Laserlike coherence, on average, is obtained in the random laser above a specific pumping threshold. Photon-number statistics above and below the lasing threshold are computed by first assuming that the atomic response to the local electromagnetic fields is nearly instantaneous. Corrections to this simple model, arising from nonadiabatic atomic dynamics, are then estimated. The dependence of the photon statistics on scatterer density, gain concentration, and position within a sample reveal that, on average, increase of the scattering strength (decrease of the photon transport mean free path) in the medium leads to a sharper peak in the local photon-number distribution, characteristic of increased local coherence in the optical field. We also evaluate the coherence of the output field at points outside the random-laser medium. This is a weighted average of radiation emitted at different positions in the sample, exhibiting varying degrees of coherence due to variations in the local pumping intensity.
This article reports a study on a turbulence-free Young's double-slit interferometer. When the environmental turbulence blurs out the classic Young's double-slit interference completely, a two-photon interference pattern is still observable from the measurement of intensity or photon number fluctuation correlation. This two-photon interferometer always produces a turbulence-free interference pattern, when the double-slit interferometer is utilizing both first-order spatially incoherent light and spatially coherent light. This type of two-photon interferometer establishes new capabilities in optical observations and sensing measurements that require high sensitivity and stability.
In this paper, pure silk protein was extracted from Bombyx mori silks and fabricated into a new kind of disordered bio-microfiber structure using electrospinning technology. Coherent random lasing emission with low threshold was achieved in the silk fibroin fibers. The random lasing emission wavelength can be tuned in the range of 33 nm by controlling the pump location with different scattering strengths. Therefore, the bio-microfiber random lasers can be a wide spectral light source when the system is doped with a gain or energy transfer medium with a large fluorescence emission band. Application of the random lasers of the bio-microfibers as a low-coherence light source in speckle-free imaging had also been studied.
We use a fiber-based double-slit Young interferometer for studying the far-field spatial distribution of the two-photon coincidence rate (coincidence pattern) for various quantum states with different degree of spatial entanglement. The realized experimental approach allows us to characterize coincidence patterns for different states without any modifications of the setup. Measurements were carried out with path-entangled and separable states. The dependence of the coincidence pattern on the phase of the interferometer for superposition and separable states was studied. The results have implications for using of nonclassical light in multiphoton imaging, quantum lithography, and studies of phase decoherence.