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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Characterization of an Atom Chip with Integrated Coplanar Waveguides

Byron Lowry, Robert Wyllie, Michael Chapman, Creston D. Herold

Published May 30, 2018• 1 citation
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Coplanar Waveguides (CPW) are ideally suited for coherently interfacing resonators with superconducting qubits. However, integrating CPWs with circuit elements on quantum chips involves curvature and discontinuities of the central conductors and corresponding ground planes, which may generate undesired parasitic modes. Experiments have demonstrated that air-bridges can effectively suppress this unwanted effect. Nevertheless, as quantum processors increase in size, manual air-bridge placement on the chip layout becomes increasingly time-consuming and error-prone. Automation of this process is therefore highly desirable, especially when the center line (channel) of the CPWs is not pre-established. In this paper we propose a parametric EDA method for coplanar waveguide channel identification and air-bridge construction in quantum chips. Our approach applies to both separated and full-package air-bridges and scales efficiently, with running time linear in the number of points and quadratic in the number of arcs in the corresponding chip layout. We evaluate our approach on a set of open-source quantum chip layouts, generating air-bridges in times ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 seconds—a practical speedup of over 10,000 times compared to manual generation. Furthermore, We propose two original quantitative metrics, accuracy and overlap, and verify that our method yields reliable results, producing air-bridges in the required shapes and locations. We fabricate a 13-qubit chip using our method for air-bridge placement, and observe excellent performance with minimal microwave and flux crosstalk. This research enables rapid generation of air-bridges when CPW channels are not pre-specified, paving the way for more flexible, automated, and modular design of superconducting quantum EDA.
We describe the design and characterization of superconducting coplanar waveguide cavities tailored to facilitate strong coupling between superconducting quantum circuits and single trapped Rydberg atoms. For initial superconductor-atom experiments at 4.2 K, we show that resonator quality factors above 104 can be readily achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the incorporation of thick-film copper electrodes at a voltage antinode of the resonator provides a route to enhance the zero-point electric fields of the resonator in a trapping region that is 40 μm above the chip surface, thereby minimizing chip heating from scattered trap light. The combination of high resonator quality factor and strong electric dipole coupling between the resonator and the atom should make it possible to achieve the strong coupling limit of cavity quantum electrodynamics with this system.
We describe the design and characterization of superconducting coplanar waveguide cavities tailored to facilitate strong coupling between superconducting quantum circuits and single trapped Rydberg atoms. For initial superconductor–atom experiments at 4.2 K, we show that resonator quality factors above 104 can be readily achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the incorporation of thick-film copper electrodes at a voltage antinode of the resonator provides a route to enhance the zero-point electric fields of the resonator in a trapping region that is 40 μm above the chip surface, thereby minimizing chip heating from scattered trap light. The combination of high resonator quality factor and strong electric dipole coupling between the resonator and the atom should make it possible to achieve the strong coupling limit of cavity quantum electrodynamics with this system.