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Effusive Atomic Oven Nozzle Design Using a Microcapillary Array

Ruwan Senaratne, S. Rajagopal, Zachary A. Geiger, Kurt Fujiwara, Vyacheslav Lebedev, David Weld

Published Jul 23, 2014• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present a simple and inexpensive design for a multichannel effusive oven nozzle which provides improved atomic beam collimation and thus extended oven lifetimes. Using this design we demonstrate an atomic lithium source suitable for trapped-atom experiments. At a nozzle temperature of 525$^{\circ}$C the collimated atomic beam flux directly after the nozzle is $1.2 \times 10^{14}$ atoms per second with a peak beam intensity greater than $5.0 \times 10^{16}$ atoms per second per steradian. This suggests an oven lifetime of several decades of continuous operation.

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We present a simple and inexpensive design for a multichannel effusive oven nozzle which provides improved atomic beam collimation and thus extended oven lifetimes. Using this design we demonstrate an atomic lithium source suitable for trapped-atom experiments. At a nozzle temperature of 525∘^{\circ}∘C the collimated atomic beam flux directly after the nozzle is 1.2×10141.2 \times 10^{14}1.2×1014 atoms per second with a peak beam intensity greater than 5.0×10165.0 \times 10^{16}5.0×1016 atoms per second per steradian. This suggests an oven lifetime of several decades of continuous operation.
We present a simple and inexpensive design for a multichannel effusive oven nozzle which provides improved atomic beam collimation and thus extended oven lifetimes. Using this design, we demonstrate an atomic lithium source suitable for trapped-atom experiments. At a nozzle temperature of 525 °C, the collimated atomic beam flux directly after the nozzle is 1.2 × 10(14) atoms/s with a peak beam intensity greater than 5.0 × 10(16) atoms/s/sr. This suggests an oven lifetime of several decades of continuous operation.
We present a simple and inexpensive design for a multichannel effusive oven nozzle which provides improved atomic beam collimation and thus extended oven lifetimes. Using this design, we demonstrate an atomic lithium source suitable for trapped-atom experiments. At a nozzle temperature of 525 °C, the collimated atomic beam flux directly after the nozzle is 1.2 × 10(14) atoms/s with a peak beam intensity greater than 5.0 × 10(16) atoms/s/sr. This suggests an oven lifetime of several decades of continuous operation.
We present a new design for a directed high-flux, high-temperature atomic vapor source for use in atomic physics experiments conducted under vacuum. An externally heated nozzle made of an array of stainless steel microcapillaries produces a collimated atomic beam. Welded stainless steel construction allows for operation at high source temperatures without exposing delicate ConFlat vacuum flanges to thermal stress, greatly enhancing robustness compared to previously published designs. We report in operando performance measurements of an atomic beam of lithium at various operating temperatures.
A high-flux source of strontium atoms is required for cold atom quantum technology applications. We present a re-entrant oven design that avoids the need for any vacuum feed-throughs and has an inherent temperature gradient to guard against clogging of the nozzle. The nozzle is fabricated by micro-machining of fused silica using selective laser etching; this specialised technique is capable of making many thousands of fine microchannels and is suitable for batch production. Operating with only electrical heating, using <20W of electrical power, a total flux of 8(1)×10148(1)\times 10^{14}8(1)×1014 atoms/s is achieved at an oven temperature of 475°C, of which we estimate 1.8(2)×10131.8(2)\times 10^{13}1.8(2)×1013 atoms/s could be captured. A heated in-vacuum sapphire window grants optical access directly opposite the oven, and can be cleared of metallization without breaking vacuum. We used this optical access to modulate the flux of the atomic beam by direct illumination of the nozzle and the strontium metal with high-power laser light. Heating by laser light increased the useful flux by a factor of up to 16(3) on a timescale of 40s, and a factor of 2.5(5) on a timescale of 1s. This flux modulation serves to increase the operating lifetime of the oven. We report experimental measurements of the performance of the oven in long-term operation over many months.
Atomic oven generating controllable atomic beam flux plays a fundamental role in quantum gas experiments. Here, we report a new heater design that can heat up an high temperature atomic oven with fast thermal response. The new heater shows a heating rate improved by 7.65 times comparing to that of the conventional resistive heater while the crucible temperature can heated up to 1200K. With this oven, we generated a collimated ytterbium beam with flux exceeding 1014 atoms/s10^{14} \text{ atoms/s}1014 atoms/s at 823 K. We believe that our design offers a promising solution for shortening experimental dead time and improve the experiment efficiency in cold atom researches.
Here we describe a compact and efficient strontium oven well suited for laser-cooling experiments. Novel design solutions allowed us to produce a collimated strontium atomic beam with a flux of 1.0 × 10(13) s(-1) cm(-2) at the oven temperature of 450 °C, reached with an electrical power consumption of 36 W. The oven is based on a stainless-steel reservoir, filled with 6 g of metallic strontium, electrically heated in a vacuum environment by a tantalum wire threaded through an alumina multi-bore tube. The oven can be hosted in a standard DN40CF cube and has an estimated continuous operation lifetime of 10 years. This oven can be used for other alkali and alkaline earth metals with essentially no modifications.