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AIP conference proceedings

Vortices in a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with two- and three-body interactions

Subramaniyan Sabari

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the vortex formation and vortex lattices in a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with two- and three-body interactions. For this aim, we numerically solve the quasi two-dimensional, cubic-quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation with nonlocal dipole-dipole nonlinearity. We find the critical rotation frequency for vortex formation in a pure dipolar BEC and also in a dipolar BEC with presence of both two- and three-body interactions. We also show the vortex lattices in a dipolar BEC with two- and three-body interactions for large rotation frequencies.

DOI
10.1063/1.5028609

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We examine the vortex formation and vortex lattices in a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with two- and three-body interactions. For this aim, we numerically solve the quasi two-dimensional, cubic-quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation with nonlocal dipole-dipole nonlinearity. We find the critical rotation frequency for vortex formation in a pure dipolar BEC and also in a dipolar BEC with presence of both two- and three-body interactions. We also show the vortex lattices in a dipolar BEC with two- and three-body interactions for large rotation frequencies.
We study the influence of dipole–dipole interaction on the formation of vortices in a rotating dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of 52 Cr and 164 Dy atoms in quasi two-dimensional geometry. By numerically solving the corresponding time-dependent mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we show that the dipolar interaction enhances the number of vortices, while a repulsive contact interaction increases the stability of the vortices. Furthermore, an ordered vortex lattice of a relatively large number of vortices is found in a strongly dipolar BEC.
We study vortex dynamics in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate with tunable two- and three-body interactions. The dynamics is governed by two-dimensional cubic-quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation. A time-dependent variational method has been used to obtain critical rotational frequency and surface mode frequency analytically and are compared with numerical simulation results. An imaginary time propagation method and Crank-Nicolson scheme for discretization have been used for numerical simulation. The numerically calculated average value of the angular momentum per particle shows very clearly its dynamical relation with the time development of the vortex formation. The rotational frequency dependence of the variation of average value of the angular momentum per particle with time shows that vortices form much faster in time for higher rotational frequency. Similarly, the vortex forms much faster in time with an increase of the strength of the repulsive three-body interaction. The simulation of the vortex lattice formation in the condensate shows that the presence of the three-body interactions does not alter the vortex lattice pattern but it helps in the shape deformations of the condensate thereby leading to vortex lattice formation. Likewise, the three-body interactions enable the vortex lattice formation in Bose-Einstein condensates even with attractive two-body interactions and in purely quintic BEC.
We study the formation and dynamics of vortices in quasi two-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). We solve the time dependent two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation by using a combined split-step Crank-Nicolson (SSCN) and Fast Fourier-Transform (FFT) based numerical scheme and investigate the vortex dynamics in dipolar BECs trapped with harmonic and optical lattice potentials. The consequence of dipole-dipole interaction on vortex nucleation and number of vortices has been analysed. We observe that the breaking of symmetry due to anisotropic dipolar interaction enormously increase the speed of creation of vortices.
Abstract We study three-dimensional vortex lattice structures in purely dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). By using the mean-field approximation, we obtain a stability diagram for the vortex states in purely dipolar BECs as a function of harmonic trap aspect ratio ( λ ) and dipole–dipole interaction strength ( D ) under rotation. Rotating the condensate within the unstable region leads to collapse while in the stable region furnishes stable vortex lattices of dipolar BECs. We analyse stable vortex lattice structures by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Further, the stability of vortex states is examined by evolution in real-time. We also investigate the distribution of vortices in a fully anisotropic trap by increasing eccentricity of the external trapping potential. We observe the breaking up of the condensate in two parts with an equal number of vortices on each when the trap is sufficiently weak, and the rotation frequency is high.
We investigate the vortex formation properties of a three-dimensional (3D) dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of 52 Cr atoms in an optical lattice potential through numerical simulations of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a dissipation term. The mechanisms that influence the dipole-dipole interaction and the repulsive contact interaction between atoms during vortex formation are analyzed. We find that the stability of the vortices weakens with increasing attractive dipolar strength and that the repulsive contact interaction between atoms can increase the number of vortices.
We investigate the formation of vortices in quasi-two-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) through the interplay between two-body contact and long-ranged dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs), as both interactions can be tuned from repulsive to attractive. By solving the associated Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a rotating system, our initial approach concentrates on stabilizing a collapsing condensate with attractive sss-wave two-body interactions by employing sufficiently large repulsive DDIs. Subsequently, the same procedure was applied after reversing the signs of both interactions to evaluate the sensitivity of vortex formation to such an interchange of interactions. As a reference to guide our investigation, valid for generic dipolar atomic species, we have assumed a condensate with the strong dipolar dysprosium isotope, 164Dy^{164}\mathrm{Dy}164Dy. The correlation of the results with other dipolar BEC systems was exemplified by considering rotating BECs with two other isotopes, namely 168Er^{168}\mathrm{Er}168Er and 52Cr^{52}\mathrm{Cr}52Cr. For a purely dipolar condensate (no contact interactions) under fixed rotation, we show how the number of visible vortices increases as the DDI becomes more repulsive, accomplished by tuning the orientation of the dipoles through a characteristic angle parameter.