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Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

Code‐Hopping Based Transmission Scheme for Wireless Physical‐Layer Security

Liuguo Yin, Wentao Hao

Published Jan 1, 2018• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Due to the broadcast and time‐varying natures of wireless channels, traditional communication systems that provide data encryption at the application layer suffer many challenges such as error diffusion. In this paper, we propose a code‐hopping based secrecy transmission scheme that uses dynamic nonsystematic low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) codes and automatic repeat‐request (ARQ) mechanism to jointly encode and encrypt source messages at the physical layer. In this scheme, secret keys at the transmitter and the legitimate receiver are generated dynamically upon the source messages that have been transmitted successfully. During the transmission, each source message is jointly encoded and encrypted by a parity‐check matrix, which is dynamically selected from a set of LDPC matrices based on the shared dynamic secret key. As for the eavesdropper (Eve), the uncorrectable decoding errors prevent her from generating the same secret key as the legitimate parties. Thus she cannot select the correct LDPC matrix to recover the source message. We demonstrate that our scheme can be compatible with traditional cryptosystems and enhance the security without sacrificing the error‐correction performance. Numerical results show that the bit error rate (BER) of Eve approaches 0.5 as the number of transmitted source messages increases and the security gap of the system is small.

DOI
10.1155/2018/7063758

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Due to the broadcast and time‐varying natures of wireless channels, traditional communication systems that provide data encryption at the application layer suffer many challenges such as error diffusion. In this paper, we propose a code‐hopping based secrecy transmission scheme that uses dynamic nonsystematic low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) codes and automatic repeat‐request (ARQ) mechanism to jointly encode and encrypt source messages at the physical layer. In this scheme, secret keys at the transmitter and the legitimate receiver are generated dynamically upon the source messages that have been transmitted successfully. During the transmission, each source message is jointly encoded and encrypted by a parity‐check matrix, which is dynamically selected from a set of LDPC matrices based on the shared dynamic secret key. As for the eavesdropper (Eve), the uncorrectable decoding errors prevent her from generating the same secret key as the legitimate parties. Thus she cannot select the correct LDPC matrix to recover the source message. We demonstrate that our scheme can be compatible with traditional cryptosystems and enhance the security without sacrificing the error‐correction performance. Numerical results show that the bit error rate (BER) of Eve approaches 0.5 as the number of transmitted source messages increases and the security gap of the system is small.
The broadcast nature of wireless communications makes transmission susceptible to eavesdropping. Recently, physical-layer security has been extensively studied to secure the wireless transmissions, but the security is severely compromised when the eavesdropper has the superiority in the channel quality. Toward this issue, we in this paper propose a joint ARQ and network coding method exploiting the characteristics of both the physical layer and the link layer. Specifically, we relate the message to be transmitted in the current slot with the successfully decoded messages in previous slots, where the ARQ is employed at the legitimate side to guarantee the successful transmission and decoding. Once one or more received messages fail to be decoded at the eavesdropper, it further prevents the eavesdropper from decoding the transmissions in later slots and thus the message transmitted currently and later is secured at the legitimate side. Moreover, for the more disadvantageous case that the eavesdropper is geographically closer to the transmitter, we further propose a destination-aided network coding scheme, which secures private information no matter where the eavesdropper is. The closed-form expressions of intercept probability and loss probability of the private information are analytically presented. The simulation results are provided to confirm our theoretical findings.
In this study, by exploiting the properties of finite‐length polar codes, the authors introduce a physical layer encryption scheme to make secure (from a computational security perspective) and efficient communication between a sender (Alice) and a legitimate receiver (Bob) against both active and passive attacks, simultaneously. To prevent active attacks, two techniques are considered: (i) a novel method is introduced to keep the generator matrix of polar code secret from an active attacker (Oscar); (ii) a proper joint polar encoding/encryption algorithm based on the hidden generator matrix is introduced. Two additional strategies are considered against passive attacks: (i) a new method is introduced to partition the bit‐channels into good and bad bit‐channels and then the scrambled information bits are transmitted over those bit‐channels that are good for Bob but bad for a passive attacker (Eve); (ii) the secret key cryptography is implemented at the physical layer, such that Eve cannot decode the eavesdropped data without the knowledge of the secret key shared between the authorised parties. Besides, this study discusses efficiency analysis results consisting key size, error performance and computational complexity of the proposed scheme.
5G wireless networks are evolving to meet the rapid increase in the demand of the users to get high-quality broadband services with high-speed data rate. This advance development came up with a lot of challenges such as coverage region, security, energy efficiency, spectrum utilization, cost, latency, and data rate. To ensure the security, there are many conventional key exchange algorithms that need complex infrastructure. In recent times, physical layer-based security has gained a lot of attention since it offers the simple and efficient way of key exchange by exploiting wireless channel characteristics. In this project, for secret key sharing between the two legitimate users through the correlated channel that is shared with eavesdropper, a pre-equalization transmit filter that inverts the main channel is employed. Further to decrease the probability of interception by eavesdropper while permitting successful decoding by the legitimate user. Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) code is used to assure reliable communication. Modulation schemes such as basic QPSK and 64,128 and 256- QAM are used to achieve higher bit rates. To achieve high secrecy between the legitimate users zero forcing algorithm is used to invert the channel. Through simulations, the effect of channel correlation will be studied to analyze the low secret key mismatch between the Bob and Eve. Here Eve having high Bit Error Rate(BER) so that eve could not obtain the original bits. The simulation will be done using Matlab.
Security is a critical concern in wireless network. Physical layer security exploits the physical characteristics of wireless channel for secure transmission. The physical layer security approach is a competitive alternative to achieve information-theoretic secrecy. In the area of physical layer security which guarantees confidentiality by using Automatic Repeat Request technique, ARQ is described in a general way that includes its use over a wide range of underlying physical medium. Physical layer security focuses on exploiting the physical layer properties of the wireless channels to protect the confidential information transmission against eavesdropping. It describes the electric or optical signals used for communicating between two computers. Here a physical layer security technique is adopted for secret key distribution. In this improving physical layer based security for wireless network using jamming technique in automatic repeat request has been implemented. The automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanism is a well-known technique to handle transmission errors, when data is transmitted over noisy channels. This service describes sending and receiving information with possible confirmation. The result obtained gives the performance of the increased signal to noise ratio and the decreased bit error rate and the mean square error.
Next generation 5G wireless networks pose several important security challenges. One fundamental challenge is key management between the two communicating parties. The goal is to establish a common secret key through an unsecured wireless medium. In this paper, we introduce a new physical layer paradigm for secure key exchange between the legitimate communication parties in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. The proposed method ensures secrecy via pre-equalization and guarantees reliable communications by the use of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. One of the main findings of this paper is to demonstrate through simulations that the diversity order of the eavesdropper will be zero unless the main and eavesdropping channels are almost correlated, while the probability of key mismatch between the legitimate transmitter and receiver will be low. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves very low secret key mismatch between the legitimate users, while ensuring very high error probability at the eavesdropper.
This paper introduces a novel physical layer secure communication technology based on wireless channel direct encryption to enhance the encryption strength of the information source. Unlike traditional methods of key generation based on the reciprocity of the wireless channel, which typically involve quantizing the wireless channel and then negotiating keys, resulting in two completely identical bit strings generated as encryption keys for upper-level cryptographic algorithms between legitimate communication parties, this paper's approach quantizes the quantized bits of the wireless channel characteristics of both legitimate parties and directly encrypts the information source bits by using a designed lightweight encryption/decryption algorithm. Compared to traditional approaches, this paper's method avoids the key consultation process for physical layer key distribution, expanding the scenarios for the use of physical layer keys. Moreover, it can work independently at the same time with the upper layer cryptography to enhance the encryption strength. Through experimental verification, it has been confirmed that, in cases where the channel error rate during information transmission is less than 5*10^-2, this model can achieve an average reception accuracy of 99.6% for legitimate communicators while ensuring that eavesdroppers cannot decrypt. This approach can also compatible with upper-layer security encryption/decryption algorithms at each layer of the OSI, e.g., data link layer and network layer, offering extensive application prospects.