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Prediction and Real-Time Compensation of Qubit Decoherence Via Machine Learning (Open Access, Publisher's Version)

Sandeep Mavadia, Virginia Frey, Jarrah Sastrawan, Stephen Dona, Michael J. Biercuk

Published Jan 16, 2017• 0 citations
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Prediction and real-time compensation of qubit decoherence via machine learning

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The wide-ranging adoption of quantum technologies requires practical, high-performance advances in our ability to maintain quantum coherence while facing the challenge of state collapse under measurement. Here we use techniques from control theory and machine learning to predict the future evolution of a qubit's state; we deploy this information to suppress stochastic, semiclassical decoherence, even when access to measurements is limited. First, we implement a time-division multiplexed approach, interleaving measurement periods with periods of unsupervised but stabilised operation during which qubits are available, for example, in quantum information experiments. Second, we employ predictive feedback during sequential but time delayed measurements to reduce the Dick effect as encountered in passive frequency standards. Both experiments demonstrate significant improvements in qubit-phase stability over 'traditional' measurement-based feedback approaches by exploiting time domain correlations in the noise processes. This technique requires no additional hardware and is applicable to all two-level quantum systems where projective measurements are possible.

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The wide-ranging adoption of quantum technologies requires practical, high-performance advances in our ability to maintain quantum coherence while facing the challenge of state collapse under measurement. Here we use techniques from control theory and machine learning to predict the future evolution of a qubit's state; we deploy this information to suppress stochastic, semiclassical decoherence, even when access to measurements is limited. First, we implement a time-division multiplexed approach, interleaving measurement periods with periods of unsupervised but stabilised operation during which qubits are available, for example, in quantum information experiments. Second, we employ predictive feedback during sequential but time delayed measurements to reduce the Dick effect as encountered in passive frequency standards. Both experiments demonstrate significant improvements in qubit-phase stability over 'traditional' measurement-based feedback approaches by exploiting time domain correlations in the noise processes. This technique requires no additional hardware and is applicable to all two-level quantum systems where projective measurements are possible.
Quantum computer (QC) can be used as a true random number generator (TRNG). However, various noise sources introduce a bias in the generated number which affects the randomness. In this work, we analyze the impact of noise sources e.g., gate error, decoherence, and readout error in QC-based TRNG by running a set of error calibration and quantum tomography experiments. We employ a hybrid quantum-classical gate parameter optimization routine to find an optimal gate parameter. The optimal parameter compensates for error-induced bias and improves the quality of the random number by exploiting even the worst quality qubits. However, searching the optimal parameter in a hybrid setup requires time-consuming iterations between classical and quantum machines. We propose a machine learning model to predict optimal quantum gate parameters based on the qubit error specifications. We validate our approach using experimental results from IBM's publicly accessible quantum computers and the NIST statistical test suite. The proposed method can correct bias in any worst-case qubit by up to 88.57% in real quantum hardware.
Combating decoherence---the randomization of qubit values in a physical system---is a key challenge in quantum computing. Control theory provides a powerful set of tools to stabilize classical systems, but much work remains to bring its full weight to the quantum domain. Aiming to track and predict qubit-state evolution under various forms of decoherence, the authors employ machine-learning algorithms to optimize qubit-state forecasting, and adapt classical algorithms to work directly with discrete, single-shot qubit measurements. These results suggest that exciting opportunities exist for implementing real-time feedback using purely classical, hardware-agnostic techniques.