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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Silicon Self-Coupled Optical Waveguide

Tang Hongxi, Linjie Zhou, Jingya Xie, Liangjun Lu, Jianping Chen

Published Feb 12, 2018• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the resonance property of a self-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) with four coupling points. Under a special condition that the two outer couplers are in weak coupling and the two inner couplers are in strong coupling, an implicit standing-wave resonance mode is formed inside the SCOW structure. As the resonance is feedback coupled via an S-shape bus waveguide, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like resonance features are observed in the output transmission spectrum. The SCOW resonator is analyzed using the coupled mode theory and finite-difference time-domain simulation. The device is experimentally demonstrated on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The measurement results overall agree well with the theoretical calculation. The EIT-like peak can be tuned by a thermo-optic phase shifter made of a NIN-type silicon resistor integrated in the feedback waveguide. The results point to new ways of creating on-chip optical analog of the EIT phenomenon that can be utilized for various optical signal processing applications.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.2018.2804889

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We investigate the resonance property of a self-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) with four coupling points. Under a special condition that the two outer couplers are in weak coupling and the two inner couplers are in strong coupling, an implicit standing-wave resonance mode is formed inside the SCOW structure. As the resonance is feedback coupled via an S-shape bus waveguide, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like resonance features are observed in the output transmission spectrum. The SCOW resonator is analyzed using the coupled mode theory and finite-difference time-domain simulation. The device is experimentally demonstrated on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The measurement results overall agree well with the theoretical calculation. The EIT-like peak can be tuned by a thermo-optic phase shifter made of a NIN-type silicon resistor integrated in the feedback waveguide. The results point to new ways of creating on-chip optical analog of the EIT phenomenon that can be utilized for various optical signal processing applications.
We propose a self-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW)-based resonator to generate an optical resonance analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The EIT-like effect is formed by the coherent interference between two resonance paths inherent to the SCOW resonator. For cascaded SCOW resonators, the spectrum they produce is significantly affected by the phase shift between them, with the EIT-like peak flattened or split as the two extreme cases. We also investigate the dispersion characteristics of an infinite array of SCOW resonators and show that the dispersion relation and group index in the EIT subband can be greatly changed by a small phase shift between the SCOW resonators.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon where a narrow transparency window appears within an absorption band of a material due to quantum interference. This effect has significant applications in various fields, including slow light devices, optical filters, and sensors. This paper compares three prominent EIT implementation resonator structures: single direct-coupled, double coupler add-drop, standard double resonator (SDR), coupled ring reflector (CRR) and self-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW). We analyze their underlying mechanisms, performance characteristics, and suitability for different applications, supported by recent research from 2020 onwards. We also present simulated transmission spectra, using Lumerical Interconnect, for each configuration to visually illustrate their distinct features.
We observe theoretically and experimentally electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect in a single microdisk resonator (MDR) evanescently coupled with two bus waveguides. This structure is modeled using transfer matrix method, and it is revealed that the EIT-like spectrum originates from the coherent interference between two nearby low-order whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with comparable quality factors. The EIT-like properties have been investigated analytically with respect to coupling efficiency, round-trip power attenuation, as well as phase spacing between two resonances. The resonance spacing and mode coupling are adjustable by varying the effective indices of WGMs and waveguide mode. Consequently, fully integrated MDRs were fabricated in silicon. Resonant modes and coupling efficiency are studied in one-bus waveguide coupled MDRs. Finally, EIT-like resonance is observed in a two-bus waveguides coupled MDR of 3 μm in radius with a quality factor of 4,200 and central transmission larger than 0.65. The experimental results agree with our modeling well and show good internal consistency, confirming that two WGMs coupled in a point-to-point manner are required for EIT-like effect.
In this work, a ring-bus-ring-bus system has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform to exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect. Significant EIT-like transmission is generated by the coherent interference between a radiant mode and a subradiant mode in the two ring resonators, which are both directly coupled and indirect coupled through an asymmetric tricoupler. Our structure is more flexible and simple compared to similar EIT systems. A model is established to describe the system based on coupled mode theory. EIT-like effect is observed experimentally, and the results show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
We present our recent work on silicon resonance and slow-light based devices for optical signal processing. Waveguide self-coupling and mutual coupling are used to tailor the waveguide spectral and dispersion characteristics. With selfcoupling, optical resonances are generated with unique transmission performances. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect appears in cascaded self-coupled waveguides. With mutual coupling between ridge and slot waveguides, group velocity experiences a big jump and optical signal can be delayed for a large range with low distortion by using thermo-optic tuning.
Controlling the optical response of a medium through suitably tuned coherent electromagnetic fields is highly relevant in a number of potential applications, from all-optical modulators to optical storage devices. In particular, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an established phenomenon in which destructive quantum interference creates a transparency window over a narrow spectral range around an absorption line, which, in turn, allows to slow and ultimately stop light due to the anomalous refractive index dispersion. Here we report on the observation of a new form of both induced transparency and amplification of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven silicon photonic crystal resonator at room temperature. The effect is based on the oscillating temperature field induced in a nonlinear optical cavity, and it reproduces many of the key features of EIT while being independent of either atomic or mechanical resonances. Such thermo-optically induced transparency will allow a versatile implementation of EIT-analogs in an integrated photonic platform, at almost arbitrary wavelength of interest, room temperature and in a practical, low cost, and scalable system.