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Journal of Modern Optics

Efficient atom localization via probe absorption in an inverted-Y atomic system

Jianchun Wu, Bo Wu, Jiejian Mao

Published Feb 5, 2018• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The behaviour of atom localization in an inverted-Y atomic system is theoretically investigated. For the atoms interacting with a weak probe field and several orthogonal standing-wave fields, their position information can be obtained by measuring the probe absorption. Compared with the traditional scheme, we couple the probe field to the transition between the middle and top levels. It is found that the probe absorption sensitively depends on the detuning and strength of the relevant light fields. Remarkably, the atom can be localized at a particular position in the standing-wave fields by coupling a microwave field to the transition between the two ground levels.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2018.1429683

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The behaviour of atom localization in an inverted-Y atomic system is theoretically investigated. For the atoms interacting with a weak probe field and several orthogonal standing-wave fields, their position information can be obtained by measuring the probe absorption. Compared with the traditional scheme, we couple the probe field to the transition between the middle and top levels. It is found that the probe absorption sensitively depends on the detuning and strength of the relevant light fields. Remarkably, the atom can be localized at a particular position in the standing-wave fields by coupling a microwave field to the transition between the two ground levels.
A scheme for realizing two-dimensional atom localization in the sub-wavelength domain is proposed in a microwave-driven five-level hyper inverted-Y atomic system in which the atom interacts with a weak probe field, two control fields together with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be extracted directly from the absorption and gain spectra of a weak probe field. It has been found that the probe detuning, the intensities of two control fields, and the relative phase of the driving fields can significantly improve the localization precision. Moreover, the maximal probability of finding the atom at an expected position in the sub-wavelength domain of the standing-wave field can reach unity via properly adjusting the system parameters.
The behavior of two-dimensional (2D) atom localization is explored by monitoring the probe absorption in a microwave-driven four-level atomic medium under the action of two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Because of the position-dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained via the absorption measurement of the weak probe field. It is found that the localization behavior is significantly improved due to the joint quantum interference induced by the standing-wave and microwave-driven fields. Most importantly, the atom can be localized at a particular position and the maximal probability of finding the atom in one period of the standing-wave fields reaches unity by properly adjusting the system parameters. The proposed scheme may provide a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-resolution 2D atom localization.
A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization via probe absorption in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic system is suggested. The required atom-field configuration is obtained when the atom interacts with a weak probe field and two orthogonal standing-wave fields where each standing-wave field is obtained from the superposition of the two standing-wave fields along the corresponding directions. We study the effect of the probe field detuning and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Two equally probable position information of the single atom are observed in the conditional position probability distribution. However, a unique position of the single atom in the 2D xyxyxy plane is observed for some arbitrary choices of the phases associated with standing-wave fields and by selecting slightly different wavelengths of standing-wave fields.
We demonstrate the behavior of three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a four-level Y-type atomic system driven by a microwave field. The position information of the atom can be obtained by measuring the position-dependent probe absorption when the atom interacts with three orthogonal standing-wave fields. It is found that the precision of the atom localization depends sensitively on the probe detuning and the strength of the microwave field. Remarkably, the localization precision can be significantly improved by increasing the amplitude of the microwave field, and the localization position will be changed by adjusting the relative phase between the standing-wave, microwave, and control fields.
We propose a scheme for localizing an atom in a four-level configuration inside a classical standing wave field, conditioned upon the measurement of frequency of a weak probe field. In the classical standing wave field, the interaction between the atom and the field is position dependent due to the Rabi-frequency of the driving field. Hence, as the absorption frequency of the probe field is measured the position of the atom inside the classical standing wave field will be determined. Localizing of the atom via the absorption spectrum occurs during its motion in the standing wave field. The investigation of the probe field absorption shows that the degree of localization depends on the interaction parameters such as detuning, and Rabi-frequency of the driving field.