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Chinese Physics B

Two types of ground-state bright solitons in a coupled harmonically trapped pseudo-spin polarization Bose–Einstein condensate

T.F. Xu

Published Jan 1, 2018• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study two types of bright solitons in an attractive Bose–Einstein condensate with a spin–orbit interaction. By solving the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with the variational method and the imaginary time evolution method, fundamental properties of solitons are carefully investigated in different parameter regimes. It is shown that the detuning between the Raman beam and energy states of the atoms dominates the ground state type and spin polarization strength. The soliton dynamics is also studied for various moving velocities for zero and nonzero detuning cases. We find that the shape of individual component solitons can be maintained when the moving speed of solitons is low and the detuning is small in the coupled harmonically trapped pseudo-spin polarization Bose–Einstein condensate.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/27/1/016702

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We study the moving bright solitons in the weak attractive Bose–Einstein condensate with a spin–orbit interaction. By solving the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the variational method and the imaginary time evolution method, two kinds of solitons (plane wave soliton and stripe solitons) are found in different parameter regions. It is shown that the soliton speed dominates its structure. The detuning between the Raman beam and energy states of the atoms decides the spin polarization strength of the system. The soliton dynamics is also studied for various moving speed and we find that the shape of individual components can be kept when the speed of soliton is low.
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We study a two-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive contact interactions by both the variational method and the imaginary-time evolution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The dipoles are completely polarized along one direction in the two-dimensional plane to provide an effective attractive dipole-dipole interaction. We find two types of solitons as the ground states arising from such attractive dipole-dipole interactions: a plane-wave soliton with a spatially varying phase and a stripe soliton with a spatially oscillating density for each component. Both types of solitons possess smaller size and higher anisotropy than the soliton without spin-orbit coupling. Finally, we discuss the properties of moving solitons, which are nontrivial because of the violation of Galilean invariance.
By effectively controlling the dipole-dipole interaction, we investigate the characteristics of the ground state of bright solitons in a spin-orbit coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. The dipolar atoms are trapped within a double-lattice which consists of a linear and a nonlinear lattice. We derive the motion equations of the different spin components, taking the controlling mechanisms of the dipole-dipole interaction into account. An analytical expression of dipole-dipole interaction is derived. By adjusting the dipole polarization angle, the dipole interaction can be adjusted from attraction to repulsion. On this basis, we study the generation and manipulation of the bright solitons using both the analytical variational method and numerical imaginary time evolution. The stability of the bright solitons is also analyzed and we map out the stability phase diagram. By adjusting the long-range dipole-dipole interaction, one can achieve manipulation of bright solitons in all aspects, including the existence, width, nodes, and stability. Considering the complexity of our system, our results will have enormous potential applications in quantum simulation of complex systems.
The existence and dynamics of solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and attractive two-body interactions are described for two coupled atomic pseudospin components with slowly and rapidly varying time-dependent Raman frequency. By varying the Raman frequency linearly in time, it was shown that ordinary nonlinear Schr\"odinger-type bright solitons can be converted to striped bright solitons, and vice versa. The internal Josephson oscillations between atom number of the coupled soliton components and the corresponding center-of-mass motion are studied for different parameter configurations. In this case, a mechanism to control the soliton parameters is proposed by considering parametric resonances, which can emerge when using time-varying Raman frequencies. Full-numerical simulations confirm variational analysis predictions when applied to the region where regular solitons are expected. In the limit of high frequencies, the system is described by a time-averaged Gross-Pitaevskii formalism with renormalized nonlinear and SOC parameters and modified phase-dependent nonlinearities. By comparing full-numerical simulations with averaged results, we have also studied the lower limits for the frequency of Raman oscillations in order to obtain stable soliton solutions.
We investigate the matter-wave solitons in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate using a multiscale perturbation method. Beginning with the one-dimensional spin–orbit-coupled threecomponent Gross–Pitaevskii equations, we derive a single nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which allows determination of the analytical soliton solutions of the system. Stationary and moving solitons in the system are derived. In particular, a parameter space for different existing soliton types is provided. It is shown that there exist only dark or bright solitons when the spin–orbit coupling is weak, with the solitons depending on the atomic interactions. However, when the spin–orbit coupling is strong, both dark and bright solitons exist, being determined by the Raman coupling. Our analytical solutions are confirmed by direct numerical simulations.